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Purpose: In this prospective study, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify genes encoding virulence factors (ica, atlE and mecA) in Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) isolates from the ocular microbiota of patients undergoing cataract surgery and to investigate possible changes in the CNS profile due to antibiotic prophylaxis.
Methods: Between 09/2011 and 08/2013, patients undergoing cataract surgery were recruited at the Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Asuncion, Paraguay. In the eye to be operated on, patients received moxifloxacin 0.5 % eye drops four times at the day before surgery and a last drop 1 hour before surgery (T1). The other eye remained as control (T0). Conjunctival swabs were taken from both eyes 1 hour after the last drop. The presence of genes encoding biofilm formation (ica and atlE) and methicillin resistance (mecA) was detected by a multiplex PCR.
Results: Of the 162 patients (162 study eyes, 162 fellow eye as control group), 87 (53.7 %) eyes were positive for CNS at T0 yielding 96 CNS isolates; 70 eyes (43.2 %) were positive at T1 yielding 77 CNS isolates. For this study, 43 CNS isolates (44.8 %) from T0 and 45 (64.3 %) from T1 were used. Of the total isolates, 81.8 % (72/88) had at least one virulence factor gene (37/43 from T0 and 35/45 from T1) (p = 0.314). Simultaneous detection of ica and atlE genes was higher in T0 (58.0 %) than T1 (46.7 %), but the difference was not significant (p = 0.28).
Conclusion: A high frequency of genes encoding virulence factors was observed in the coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolates. The use of moxifloxacin did not significantly modify the CNS virulence factor profiles.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10792-016-0355-8 | DOI Listing |
Heliyon
December 2024
Gulbenkian Institute for Molecular Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Lisbon, 1649-028, Portugal.
Brain metastases (BM) are frequently found in cancer patients and, though their precise incidence is difficult to estimate, there is evidence for a correlation between BM and specific primary cancers, such as lung, breast, and skin (melanoma). Among all these, breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed among women and, in this case, BM cause a critical reduction of the overall survival (OS), especially in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. The main challenge of BM treatment is the impermeable nature of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which shields the central nervous systems (CNS) from chemotherapeutic drugs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExp Neurol
December 2024
Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05401, USA. Electronic address:
Reciprocal communication between reactive astrocytes and microglial cells provides local, coordinated control over critical processes such as neuroinflammation, neuroprotection, and scar formation after CNS injury, but is poorly understood. The vasoactive peptide hormone endothelin (ET) is released and/or secreted by endothelial cells, microglial cells and astrocytes early after ischemic stroke and other forms of brain injury. To better understand glial cell communication after stroke, we sought to identify paracrine effectors produced and secreted downstream of astroglial endothelin receptor B (ETB) signaling.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Yeungnam Med Sci
December 2024
Haematology Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Ministry of Health, Malaysia.
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) typically progresses from a chronic phase to an accelerated phase, and eventually to a blast crisis, often involving the bone marrow and peripheral blood, if left untreated. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement is an uncommon manifestation of CML, particularly as an isolated CNS relapse. Here, we present a rare case of CML in lymphoid blast crisis with an isolated CNS relapse.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Pregnancy Childbirth
December 2024
Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100026, China.
Background: Blake's pouch cyst (BPC) is a midline cystic anomaly of the posterior fossa. BPC has been shown to have a risk of aneuploidy prenatally. Copy number variation (CNV) and/or genetic syndromes have been reported in a few prenatal/postnatal cases with BPC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFluids Barriers CNS
December 2024
Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan.
Background: Protein expression analysis of isolated brain microvessels provides valuable insights into the function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, isolation of brain microvessels from human brain tissue, particularly in small quantities, poses significant challenges. This study presents a method for isolating brain microvessels from a small amount of frozen human brain tissue, adapting techniques from an established mouse brain capillary isolation method.
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