Effects of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (GCSF) on Persistent Thin Endometrium in Frozen Embryo Transfer (FET) Cycles.

Objective: To predict the effectiveness of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) in the treatment of persistent thin endometrium resistant to other treatments in frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles.

Study Design: This is a hospital-based prospective study.

Patients: Thirty-five women with persistent thin endometrium (<7 mm) resistant to standard treatments were involved in this study.

Interventions: Intrauterine infusion of GCSF (300 mcg/1 ml) was done in patients with thin endometrium on day 14 of FET cycles, and their endometrial thicknesses were measured after 48 h of infusion.

Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome was an increase in endometrial thickness and the secondary outcome measures were chemical and clinical pregnancies.

Results: The endometrial thickness increased from 5.86 ± 0.58 to 6.58 ± 0.84 mm after GCSF infusion. In 19 of the 35 participants (54.28 %) endometrial thickness increased to ≥7 mm and they subsequently underwent embryo transfer. Of these, 3 (15.78 %) patients had chemical pregnancy, but there was no clinical pregnancy. In 16 participants, embryo transfer was canceled in view of insufficient endometrial thickness (<7 mm).

Conclusion: GCSF caused a small increase in endometrial thickness in women with persistent thin endometrium, but there was no improvement in their pregnancy rates.