AI Article Synopsis
- Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affected by various risk factors that lead to chronic inflammation, which appears before dementia symptoms develop.
- Recent studies have identified key factors like apolipoprotein E4, obesity, and air pollution that not only elevate inflammation but also interact with sex steroid hormones, which have protective anti-inflammatory effects.
- This review explores how inflammation and sex hormones influence AD risk and interact with other identified risk factors, highlighting their potential roles in understanding and addressing the disease.
Article Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder for which there are no effective strategies to prevent or slow its progression. Because AD is multifactorial, recent research has focused on understanding interactions among the numerous risk factors and mechanisms underlying the disease. One mechanism through which several risk factors may be acting is inflammation. AD is characterized by chronic inflammation that is observed before clinical onset of dementia. Several genetic and environmental risk factors for AD increase inflammation, including apolipoprotein E4, obesity, and air pollution. Additionally, sex steroid hormones appear to contribute to AD risk, with age-related losses of estrogens in women and androgens in men associated with increased risk. Importantly, sex steroid hormones have anti-inflammatory actions and can interact with several other AD risk factors. This review examines the individual and interactive roles of inflammation and sex steroid hormones in AD, as well as their relationships with the AD risk factors apolipoprotein E4, obesity, and air pollution.
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Source |
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5123957 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2016.09.001 | DOI Listing |
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