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Unlabelled: Sensory processing shapes our perception. In mammals, odor information is encoded by combinatorial activity patterns of olfactory bulb (OB) glomeruli. Glomeruli are richly interconnected by short axon cells (SACs), which form the interglomerular circuit (IGC). It is unclear how the IGC impacts OB output to downstream neural circuits. We combined in vitro and in vivo electrophysiology with optogenetics in mice and found the following: (1) the IGC potently and monosynaptically inhibits the OB output neurons mitral/tufted cells (MTCs) by GABA release from SACs: (2) gap junction-mediated electrical coupling is strong for the SAC→MTC synapse, but negligible for the SAC→ETC synapse; (3) brief IGC-mediated inhibition is temporally prolonged by the intrinsic properties of MTCs; and (4) sniff frequency IGC activation in vivo generates persistent MTC inhibition. These findings suggest that the temporal sequence of glomerular activation by sensory input determines which stimulus features are transmitted to downstream olfactory networks and those filtered by lateral inhibition.
Significance Statement: Odor identity is encoded by combinatorial patterns of activated glomeruli, the initial signal transformation site of the olfactory system. Lateral circuit processing among activated glomeruli modulates olfactory signal transformation before transmission to higher brain centers. Using a combination of in vitro and in vivo optogenetics, this work demonstrates that interglomerular circuitry produces potent inhibition of olfactory bulb output neurons via direct chemical and electrical synapses as well as by indirect pathways. The direct inhibitory synaptic input engages mitral cell intrinsic membrane properties to generate inhibition that outlasts the initial synaptic action.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1763-16.2016 | DOI Listing |
Endocr Connect
December 2024
M Ruchala, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
Introduction And Objectives: Isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) may be associated with pituitary gland and olfactory system disorders. We aimed to correlate findings of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the pituitary gland and olfactory system in IHH patients with the patients' olfactory phenotype.
Patients And Methods: The present research was a single-center retrospective case-control study.
Elife
December 2024
Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7622), Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Developmental Biology Laboratory, Paris, France.
Despite recent progress, the complex roles played by the extracellular matrix in development and disease are still far from being fully understood. Here, we took advantage of the zebrafish mutation which affects Laminin γ1, a major component of basement membranes, to explore its role in the development of the olfactory system. Following a detailed characterisation of Laminin distribution in the developing olfactory circuit, we analysed basement membrane integrity, olfactory placode and brain morphogenesis, and olfactory axon development in mutants, using a combination of immunochemistry, electron microscopy and quantitative live imaging of cell movements and axon behaviours.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVet Med Int
December 2024
Physiology-Pharmacology Laboratory, Physiopathology Bioactive Substances and Safety Research Unit, University of Lome, 01BP: 1515, Lome, Togo.
The African grasscutter (AGC) () is the second largest rodent in sub-Saharan Africa. It is bred for its organoleptic and culinary properties but also serves as a research model. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between age-related changes in brain weight, brain volume, and spatial and nonspatial memory performance in the AGC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurochem Int
December 2024
Basic School of Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 260071, China. Electronic address:
The central endocannabinoid (eCB) system in brain shows a crucial role in the regulation of feeding behaviors, influencing both metabolic and non-metabolic mechanisms of appetite control, which has been paid much attention. Although there are already many review articles discussing eCB modulation of feeding behaviors, our paper attempts to summarize the recent advancements through synapses, circuits, and network in brain. Our focus is on the dual role of eCB signalling in regulating metabolic energy balance and hedonic reward-related feeding.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Hazard Mater
December 2024
Hubei Clinical Research Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. Electronic address:
In recent years, there has been a notable increase in the concentration of air pollutants in the troposphere, especially ozone. However, limited research has gone beyond examining histopathological alterations in the olfactory bulb (OB) to explore the effects of ozone exposure on olfactory and cognitive functions. In our study, we exposed nine-month-old C57BL/6 mice to ozone at a concentration of 1.
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