Background: Complaints related to the hands, wrists, and fingers comprise approximately 3.7 million emergency department visits annually. The complexity of this subject can confound timely diagnosis and treatment, particularly if the treating physician has not received specialized training. We set out to determine whether emergency medicine training in the USA provides adequate preparation for dealing with the identification, management, and treatment of hand, wrist, and finger injuries.
Methods: The curricula for 160 accredited U.S. emergency medicine programs were obtained. Each of these was examined to see whether a clinical "hand" rotation was included as a required module. Clinical hand rotations were then classified by length of rotation, the postgraduate years in which they were offered, and if they were offered as stand-alone modules or combined with other rotations.
Results: Of the 160 programs, 21 (13.1%) require a clinical hand rotation. Sixteen offer a dedicated module, and five are part of another rotation. The mean amount of time dedicated to hand education was 3 weeks. The 16 dedicated hand rotations had a mean duration of 2.69 weeks; combined rotations were 4 weeks. Four incorporated hand education in the first postgraduate year (PGY-1), 13 into the second (PGY-2), and 3 into the third (PGY-3).
Conclusions: Despite the preponderance of hand injuries seen by emergency physicians, the clinical and legal pitfalls that accompany these conditions, and the benefits to be gained from specialized training, very few programs emphasize clinical hand training in an equivalent fashion.
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Singapore Med J
January 2025
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore.
Introduction: Increasing age is associated with an increased incidence of necrotising fasciitis. In this study, we aimed to compare the clinical presentation, investigations, microbiology and clinical outcome in elderly (age ≥60 years) and nonelderly (age <60 years) patients with extremity necrotising fasciitis.
Methods: A retrospective review of patients with extremity necrotising fasciitis who were surgically treated between January 2005 and December 2021 was conducted.
Biosci Microbiota Food Health
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Department of Gastroenterology, Hematology and Clinical immunology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki-shi, Aomori 036-8562, Japan.
The beneficial effects of water-soluble dietary fiber on liver fat and fibrosis involve the gut microbiota; however, few epidemiological studies have investigated this association. This large-scale epidemiological study aimed to determine the effect of water-soluble dietary fiber intake on liver fat and fibrosis via gut microbiota for the general population. We divided low- and high-intake groups by median daily water-soluble dietary fiber intake and matched background factors by propensity score matching for sex and age.
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Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DMCM), defined as left ventricular dysfunction in the setting of diabetes mellitus without hypertension, coronary artery disease or valvular heart disease, is a well-recognized entity whose prevalence is certainly predicted to increase alongside the rising incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus. The pathophysiology of DMCM stems from hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, resulting in oxidative stress, inflammation, cardiomyocyte death, and fibrosis. These perturbations lead to left ventricular hypertrophy with associated impaired relaxation early in the course of the disease, and eventually culminating in combined systolic and diastolic heart failure.
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January 2025
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Marshall University School of Pharmacy, Huntington, WV, United States.
CD4 T cell activation induces dramatic changes to cellular metabolism for supporting their growth and differentiation into effector subsets. While the cytokines IL-4, TGF-β and IL-21 promote differentiation into Th9 cells, metabolic factors regulating this process remain poorly understood. To assess the role of lipid metabolism in human Th9 cell differentiation, naïve CD4 T cells were purified from blood of healthy volunteers and cultured in the presence or absence of compounds targeting PPAR-γ, acetyl-CoA-carboxylase 1 (ACC1), and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) for four days.
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Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a serious clinical pathology involving multiple organs such as the heart and brain. The injury results from oxidative stress, inflammatory response and cell death triggered by restoring tissue blood flow after ischemia, leading to severe cell and tissue damage. In recent years, the volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC) has gained attention as an important membrane protein complex.
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