Increasing the perception of legal risk via publicized litigation and lobbying for copyright law enforcement has had limited success in reducing unlawful content sharing by the public. We consider the extent to which engaging in file sharing online is motivated by the perceived benefits of this activity as opposed to perceived legal risks. Moreover, we explore moderators of the relationship between perceived risk and perceived benefits; namely, trust in industry and legal regulators, and perceived online anonymity. We examine these questions via a large two-part survey of consumers of music (n = 658) and eBooks (n = 737). We find that perceptions of benefit, but not of legal risk, predict stated file-sharing behavior. An affect heuristic is employed: as perceived benefit increases, perceived risk falls. This relationship is increased under high regulator and industry trust (which actually increases perceived risk in this study) and low anonymity (which also increases perceived risk). We propose that, given the limited impact of perceived legal risk upon unlawful downloading, it would be better for the media industries to target enhancing the perceived benefit and availability of lawful alternatives.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/risa.12689 | DOI Listing |
Patient Educ Couns
January 2025
University of Sydney School of Public Health Menzies Centre for Health Policy & Economics, Charles Perkins Centre (D17), The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; University of Bern Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), Mittelstrasse 43, Bern 3012, Switzerland.
Objectives: To explore to what degree providing patients warning information about the long-term risks of a medication would affect their subsequent desire to discontinue it.
Methods: We conducted a vignette-based online experiment in which participants aged ≥ 65 years from the United States were asked to imagine starting and subsequently stopping omeprazole. Participants were randomized to one of four vignettes about starting omeprazole (potential long-term harms or no harm information; OTC vs.
Gac Sanit
January 2025
Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain.
Objective: To evaluate radon mitigation frequency and possible determinants for mitigation among employers in Spain, before the new regulation came into force. We also aimed to assess the reasons for not mitigating radon.
Method: In this cross-sectional study, participants were systematically identified from all employers in Spain who had previously measured occupational radon through the Galician Radon Laboratory from 2015 until 2022.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev
January 2025
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Background: Calf muscle weakness is a common symptom in slowly progressive neuromuscular disorders that lead to walking problems like instability and increased walking effort. The mainstay of treatment to improve walking in this population is the provision of ankle-foot-orthoses (AFOs). Since we are not aware of an up-to-date and complete overview of the effects of AFOs used for calf muscle weakness in slowly progressive neuromuscular disorders, we reviewed the evidence for the effectiveness of AFOs to improve walking in this patient group, in order to support clinical decision-making.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Int Med Res
January 2025
Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital; Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute; Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases; College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center. Address: No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China.
Objective: To evaluate the effect of preoperative intravenous mannitol on the capsulorhexis process and intraoperative complications in patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG).
Methods: In this prospective randomized controlled trial, 65 PACG eyes were randomized into the mannitol and control groups. The capsulorhexis duration, number of forceps grasps, need for viscoelastic re-injection, and intraoperative complications were recorded.
Res Nurs Health
January 2025
School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
Behavioral management is essential to preventing recurrence after stroke, but its adherence is limited worldwide. We aimed to assess the impact of the behavior intervention based on the Recurrence risk perception and Behavioral decision Model for ischemic stroke patients' health behavior. This study was a single-blind, randomized, controlled trial with a 3-month follow-up.
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