Monocular depth cues can lead not only to illusory depth in two-dimensional patterns but also to perspective reversals in three-dimensional objects. When a viewer perceptually inverts (reverses) a three-dimensional object, stimuli on the inner surfaces of that object also invert. However, the perceptual fate of anything occurring within the space that is enclosed by the walls of a perceptually reversible object is unknown. In the present study, perceptions of the relative vertical heights of stimuli within a truncated pyramidal chute were compared for stimuli placed laterally, on the inner surface of the chute, or centrally, suspended within the volume enclosed by the chute. The typical inversion was obtained for lateral stimuli, but central stimuli did not invert. While central stimuli maintained their veridical vertical order, participants experienced a considerable compression of perceptual depth. These results imply a dilution of the illusion within the centre of the volume of space that it encloses.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301006616668896 | DOI Listing |
J Clin Med
January 2025
Department Neurology, Upper Silesian Medical Center named After Prof. Leszek Giec, ul. Ziołowa 45/47, 40-635 Katowice, Poland.
Lower back pain (LBP) is a common condition affecting primarily populations in developed countries, placing a significant burden on public health systems around the world. A high rate of pain recurrence increases the risk of developing a chronic syndrome and the occurrence of complex psychosocial and professional problems. Symptoms lasting longer than 12 weeks are associated with the risk of sleep problems, depression, and anxiety.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBr J Anaesth
January 2025
Department of Anaesthesiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Background: The Qnox index is a novel monitor to quantify intraoperative nociception based on an electroencephalographic algorithm. We evaluated the ability of the Qnox index to discriminate noxious from non-noxious stimuli, respond to stimuli, and discriminate different levels of analgesia in patients under propofol anaesthesia with neuromuscular block.
Methods: Qnox was compared with heart rate and mean arterial pressure with five designated stimuli: tetanic stimulations without (tetanic 1) and with sufentanil (tetanic 2), skin incision, tracheal intubation, and a non-noxious period.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.
The sense of hearing originates in the cochlea, which detects sounds across dynamic sensory environments. Like other peripheral organs, the cochlea is subjected to environmental insults, including loud, damage-inducing sounds. In response to internal and external stimuli, the central nervous system directly modulates cochlear function through olivocochlear neurons (OCNs), which are located in the brainstem and innervate the cochlear sensory epithelium.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPsychopharmacology (Berl)
January 2025
Edith Collins Centre for Translational Research in Alcohol, Drugs and Toxicology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Rationale: Both topiramate and naltrexone have been shown to affect neural alcohol cue reactivity in alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, their comparative effects on alcohol cue reactivity are unknown. Moreover, while naltrexone has been found to normalize hyperactive localized network connectivity implicated in AUD, no studies have examined the effect of topiramate on intrinsic functional connectivity or compared functional connectivity between these two widely used medications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuropsychopharmacology
January 2025
Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
Social relationships are central to well-being. A subgroup of afferent nerve fibers, C-tactile (CT) afferents, are primed to respond to affective, socially relevant touch and may mitigate the effects of stress. The endocannabinoid ligand anandamide (AEA) modulates both social reward and stress.
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