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Primordial black holes and their gravitational-wave signatures.
Living Rev Relativ
January 2025
Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Dennis Sciama Building, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX UK.
In the recent years, primordial black holes (PBHs) have emerged as one of the most interesting and hotly debated topics in cosmology. Among other possibilities, PBHs could explain both some of the signals from binary black hole mergers observed in gravitational-wave detectors and an important component of the dark matter in the Universe. Significant progress has been achieved both on the theory side and from the point of view of observations, including new models and more accurate calculations of PBH formation, evolution, clustering, merger rates, as well as new astrophysical and cosmological probes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn situ spheroid formation in distant submillimetre-bright galaxies.
Nature
December 2024
European Southern Observatory, Garching bei Munchen, Germany.
Most stars in today's Universe reside within spheroids, which are bulges of spiral galaxies and elliptical galaxies. Their formation is still an unsolved problem. Infrared/submillimetre-bright galaxies at high redshifts have long been suspected to be related to spheroid formation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHigh-temperature Tl decay clarifies Pb dating in early Solar System.
Nature
November 2024
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- Radioactive nuclei that live for millions of years help us understand the Sun's formation and the nucleosynthesis happening when it was born, with lead (Pb) being a key example.
- Recent measurements of the weak decay of ionized thallium (Tl) provided a more accurate half-life, which was found to be 4.7 times longer than previously thought, thus reducing uncertainty in our calculations.
- Using these improved decay rates, researchers calculated lead yields in asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, confirmed isolation times for solar material, and validated the theory that the Sun formed in a long-lived molecular cloud.
Accelerated formation of ultra-massive galaxies in the first billion years.
Nature
November 2024
School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Article Synopsis
- Recent observations from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have found many massive-galaxy candidates in the early Universe, stretching further back in time and at lower brightness levels than previously seen.
- These findings initially posed challenges to the Λ cold dark-matter model, but the new study's results show no significant conflicts when accounting for spectroscopic redshifts.
- The research highlights three ultra-massive galaxies that convert a notably high percentage of baryons into stars, suggesting they play a significant role in cosmic star-formation rates at redshifts 5 to 6.
An ultra-short-period super-Earth with an extremely high density and an outer companion.
Sci Rep
November 2024
Astrobiology Center, NINS, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8588, Japan.
We present the discovery and characterization of a new multi-planetary system around the Sun-like star K2-360 (EPIC 201595106). K2-360 was first identified in K2 photometry as the host of an ultra-short-period (USP) planet candidate with a period of 0.88 d.
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