The dorsal horn (DH) of the spinal cord receives a variety of sensory information arising from the inner and outer environment, as well as modulatory inputs from supraspinal centers. This information is integrated by the DH before being forwarded to brain areas where it may lead to pain perception. Spinal integration of this information relies on the interplay between different DH neurons forming complex and plastic neuronal networks. Elements of these networks are therefore potential targets for new analgesics and pain-relieving strategies. The present review aims at providing an overview of the current knowledge on these networks, with a special emphasis on those involving interlaminar communication in both physiological and pathological conditions.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.08.048 | DOI Listing |
Pharmaceuticals (Basel)
December 2024
School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AJ, UK.
Recent studies, typically using patient cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), have suggested that different autoantibodies (Aabs) acting on their respective receptors, may underlie neuropsychiatric disorders. The GluN1 (NR1) subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) has been identified as a target of anti-NMDAR Aabs in a number of central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including encephalitis and autoimmune epilepsy. However, the role or the nature of Aabs responsible for effects on neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity is yet to be established fully.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmaceuticals (Basel)
November 2024
Division of Physiology, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Microbiology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, 3500 Krems, Austria.
Background: αδ proteins regulate membrane trafficking and biophysical properties of voltage-gated calcium channels. Moreover, they modulate axonal wiring, synapse formation, and trans-synaptic signaling. Several rare missense variants in CACNA2D1 (coding for αδ-1) and CACNA2D3 (coding for αδ-3) genes were identified in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
December 2024
Faculty of Nursing, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Japan.
Retrotransposon Gag-like 4 (), a gene acquired from a retrovirus, is a causative gene in autism spectrum disorder. Its knockout mice exhibit increased impulsivity, impaired short-term spatial memory, failure to adapt to novel environments, and delayed noradrenaline (NA) recovery in the frontal cortex. However, due to its very low expression in the brain, it remains unknown which brain cells express RTL4 and its dynamics in relation to NA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
December 2024
Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by alpha-synuclein aggregation into Lewy bodies in the neurons. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is considered the most suited source for investigating PD pathogenesis and identifying biomarkers. While microRNA (miRNA) profiling can aid in the investigation of post-transcriptional regulation in neurodegenerative diseases, information on miRNAs in the CSF of patients with PD remains limited.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBioengineering (Basel)
November 2024
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, 942 W Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
Paralytic Ileus (PI) patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) face a significant risk of death. Current predictive models for PI are often complex and rely on many variables, resulting in unreliable outcomes for such a serious health condition. Predicting mortality in ICU patients with PI is particularly challenging due to the vast amount of data and numerous features involved.
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