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Nitrosyl factors play a vital role in the ventilatory depressant effects of fentanyl in freely moving guinea pigs.
Biomed Pharmacother
January 2025
Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
An understanding of intracellular mechanisms by which fentanyl and other synthetic opioids exert adverse effects on breathing is needed. Using freely moving adult male guinea pigs, we administered the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, L-NAME (N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester), to determine whether nitrosyl factors, such as nitric oxide and S-nitrosothiols, play a role in fentanyl-induced respiratory depression. Ventilatory parameters were recorded by whole body plethysmography to determine the effects of fentanyl (75 μg/kg, IV) in guinea pigs that had received a prior injection of vehicle (saline), L-NAME or the inactive D-isomer, D-NAME (both at 50 μmol/kg, IV), 15 min beforehand.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOpioid System and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel)
January 2025
Department of Experimental Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postepu 36A, 05-552 Jastrzebiec, Poland.
Opioids are a challenging class of drugs due to their dual role. They alleviate pain, but also pose a risk of dependency, or trigger constipation, particularly in cancer patients, who require the more potent painkillers in more advanced stages of the disease, closely linked to pain resulting from general inflammation, bone metastases, and primary or secondary tumour outgrowth-related nerve damage. Clinicians' vigilance considering treatment with opioids is necessary, bearing in mind extensive data accumulated over decades that have reported the contribution of opioids to immunosuppression, tumour progression, or impaired tissue regeneration, either following opioid use during surgical tumour resection and post-surgical pain treatment, or as a result of other diseases like diabetes, where chronic wounds healing constitutes a challenge.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Role of Endogenous Beta-Endorphin and Enkephalins in the Crosstalk Between Ethanol and Morphine.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel)
January 2025
Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
There is clinical concern about the combined use of alcohol and opiates. Several lines of evidence support an interaction between alcohol and the endogenous opioid system. Thus, we hypothesized that ethanol, by causing the release of opioid peptides, may sensitize the system to the action of exogenous opioids such as morphine.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrescription of Strong Opioids in Chronic Non-Cancer Pain in the Province of Valladolid (Spain).
Life (Basel)
January 2025
Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) is one of the leading causes of disability. The use of strong opioids (SOs) in the management of CNCP is increasing, although evidence supporting their use remains limited. Primary care (PC) plays a key role in this context.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Comprehensive Analysis of Fibromyalgia and the Role of the Endogenous Opioid System.
Biomedicines
January 2025
Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, CIMA-Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
Fibromyalgia represents a chronic pain disorder characterized by musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and cognitive impairments. The exact mechanisms underlying fibromyalgia remain undefined; as a result, diagnosis and treatment present considerable challenges. On the other hand, the endogenous opioid system is believed to regulate pain intensity and emotional responses; hence, it might be expected to play a key role in the enhanced sensitivity experienced by fibromyalgia patients.
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