AI Article Synopsis
- The study examined how prior vaccination affects immune responses in children aged 9-14 receiving the 2010-2011 trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV).
- Results showed that children with previous vaccinations had significant T-cell responses and maintained high antibody levels for over seven months, enhancing their protection against both past and future influenza strains.
- The findings highlight that while influenza viruses mutate and evade immunity, previous exposure to vaccines helps create lasting immune memory that improves responses to new vaccine components.
Article Abstract
Background: Influenza viruses gradually accumulate point mutations, reducing the effectiveness of prior immune protection.
Methods: Children aged 9-14 years received 2010-2011 trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV). Vaccination history, hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) titers, and cell-mediated immune responses were assessed to investigate the cross-reactivity with past and future influenza virus strains.
Results: 2010-2011 TIV induced significant T-cell responses and HI titers of ≥160, with a fold-rise of ≥4 and titers of ≥100 maintained for >7 months in the majority of children. Pre-existing memory B cells in these children differentiated quickly to antibody-secreting cells to the new vaccine antigens. Children vaccinated in the previous year maintained high HI titers well into 2010, demonstrating elevated HI titers against A/Perth/16/2009, the future (in 2010-2011) H3N2 component. Prior vaccination enhanced CD8 T-cell responses to A/Perth/16/2009. Children vaccinated with the prior 2009-2010 seasonal vaccine also demonstrated higher preexisting levels of interferon γ-secreting CD4CD69 T cells to 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1). Children previously vaccinated with 2009-2010 seasonal influenza vaccine also showed greater expansion of tumor necrosis factor α-secreting CD8CD69 T cells to 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) upon vaccination in the 2010-2011 season than those who were not previously vaccinated.
Conclusions: Seasonal influenza viruses continuously drift, which allows them to circumvent protective immunity, but conserved epitopes provide immunological cross-reactivity in children through either vaccination directly or through prime/boost in the prior influenza season.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5731644 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiw380 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Enhancing antibody levels and T cell activity of quadrivalent influenza vaccine by combining it with CpG HP021.
Sci Rep
December 2024
State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis, Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
Influenza virus infections are a serious danger to people's health worldwide as they are responsible for seasonal flu outbreaks. There is an urgent need to improve the effectiveness and durability longevity of the immune response to influenza vaccines. We synthesized the CpG HP021 and examined the impact of it on the immune response to an influenza vaccine.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn vitro neuraminidase inhibitory concentrations (IC) of four neuraminidase inhibitors in the Japanese 2023-24 season: Comparison with the 2010-11 to 2022-23 seasons.
J Infect Chemother
December 2024
Japan Physicians Association, Tokyo, Japan; Ricerca Clinica Co., Fukuoka, Japan.
Introduction: To assess the susceptibility of epidemic influenza viruses to the four most used neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) during the 2023-24 influenza season in Japan, we measured the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC) of oseltamivir, peramivir, zanamivir, and laninamivir in virus isolates from the sample of 100 patients.
Methods: Viral isolation was done using specimens obtained before and after treatment, with the type/subtype determined by RT-PCR using type- and subtype-specific primers. IC values were determined by a neuraminidase inhibition assay using a fluorescent substrate.
Seasonal shifts in respiratory pathogen co-infections and the associated differential induction of cytokines in children.
Cytokine
December 2024
Center for Translational Medicine, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. Electronic address:
In the post-pandemic era, research on respiratory diseases should refocus on pathogens other than the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Respiratory pathogens, highly infectious to children, with to different modes of infection, such as single-pathogen infections and co-infections. Understanding the seasonal patterns of these pathogens, alongside identifying single infections and co-infections and their impact on the pediatric immune status, is crucial for clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis in children.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFModerate effectiveness of influenza vaccine in outpatient settings: A test-negative study in Beijing, China, 2023/24 season.
Vaccine
December 2024
Institute for Infectious Diseases and Endemic Diseases Prevention and Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China; Beijing Research Center for Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China. Electronic address:
Introduction: The objective of our study was to estimate the influenza vaccine effectiveness for 2023/24 epidemic of co-circulating influenza A(H3N2) and B(Victoria) viruses in Beijing, China.
Methods: The surveillance-based study included all swabbed patients through influenza virological surveillance in Beijing, between October 2023 and March 2024. A Test-Negative Design(TND) was used to estimate influenza vaccine effectiveness(VE) against medically- attended laboratory-confirmed influenza in outpatient settings, also calculated the influenza vaccination rate(IVR).
Estimated Vaccine Effectiveness for Pediatric Patients With Severe Influenza, 2015-2020.
JAMA Netw Open
December 2024
Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Importance: Increasing the understanding of vaccine effectiveness (VE) against levels of severe influenza in children could help increase uptake of influenza vaccination and strengthen vaccine policies globally.
Objective: To investigate VE in children by severity of influenza illness.
Design, Setting, And Participants: This case-control study with a test-negative design used data from 8 participating medical centers located in geographically different US states in the New Vaccine Surveillance Network from November 6, 2015, through April 8, 2020.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!