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Approaches to Incorporation of Preferences into Health Economic Models of Genomic Medicine: A Critical Interpretive Synthesis and Conceptual Framework.
Appl Health Econ Health Policy
January 2025
Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Introduction: Genomic medicine has features that make it preference sensitive and amenable to model-based health economic evaluation. Preferences of patients, caregivers, and clinicians related to the uptake and delivery of genomic medicine technologies and services that are not captured in health state utility weights can affect the intervention's cost-effectiveness and budget impact. However, there is currently no established or agreed-on approach for integrating preference information into economic evaluations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA psychometric approach to decision-making thresholds across legal and societal domains.
PNAS Nexus
January 2025
Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA.
What constitutes enough evidence to make a decision? While this is an important question across multiple domains, it takes on special importance in the US legal system, where jurors and judges are instructed to apply specific burdens of proof to render life-changing decisions. Civil trials use a preponderance of evidence (PoE) threshold to establish liability, while criminal trials require proof beyond a reasonable doubt (BaRD) to convict. It is still unclear, however, how laypeople interpret and apply these decision thresholds and how these standards compare to people's intuitive belief (IB) of what constitutes enough evidence.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Qualitative Study of First HIV Test Experiences Among Sexual and Gender Minority Adolescents.
Sex Res Social Policy
December 2024
Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, 625 N. Michigan Avenue, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
Introduction: This qualitative study examined adolescents' first experiences with HIV testing.
Methods: Data were collected from April 2018 to October 2020 as part of an HIV prevention and sex education intervention; SGM adolescents ( = 175) answered open-ended questions regarding experiences with their first HIV test and advice for other adolescents seeking HIV testing. Data were analyzed through inductive content analysis.
Characterization and Targeting of the Main Drivers of Elective Imaging Utilization: A Cross-sectional Study Applying Conjoint Analysis.
J Am Coll Radiol
January 2025
University of Chicago, Department of Radiology, Chicago, IL.
Objective: To characterize patient and referring physician preferences when selecting where to have elective imaging performed METHODS: In this Institutional Research Board approved survey-based study, online surveys were completed by 393 patients who had recently had a non-contrast MRI of the shoulder, lumbar spine, or knee within the past 2 years and 168 physicians who had ordered at least 12 such MRIs in the past year. The survey data included explicit questions about preferences as well as a set of conjoint choice screens. Conjoint analysis utilized a logistic model estimated using maximum likelihood estimation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF"Todes" and "Todxs", linguistic innovations or grammatical gender violations?
Cognition
January 2025
School of Education, University of California, Irvine, United States of America. Electronic address:
This study compared the processing of non-binary morphemes in Spanish (e.g., todxs, todes) with the processing of canonical grammatical gender violations in Spanish pronouns (e.
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