Early or late intervention in patients with transient ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome: Subgroup analysis of the ELISA-3 trial.

Objectives: To investigate incidence and patient characteristics of transient ST-segment elevation (TSTE) ACS and to compare outcome of early versus late invasive treatment.

Background: Optimal timing of treatment in TSTE-ACS patients is not outlined in current guidelines and no prospective randomized trials have been done so far.

Methods: Post hoc subgroup analysis of patients with TSTE randomized in the ELISA 3 trial. This study compared early (<12 h) versus late (>48 h) angiography and revascularization in 542 patients with high-risk NSTE-ACS. Primary endpoint was incidence of death, reinfarction, or recurrent ischemia at 30 days follow-up.

Results: TSTE was present in 129 patients (24.2%) and associated with male gender, smoking and younger age. The primary endpoint occurred in 8.9% of patients with and 13.0% of patients without TSTE (RR = 0.681, P = 0.214). Incidence of death or MI after 2 year follow-up was 5.7 and 14.6% respectively (RR = 0.384, P = 0.008). Within the group of patients with TSTE, incidence of the primary endpoint was 5.8% in the early and 12.7% in the late treatment group (RR = 0.455, P = 0.213), driven by reduction in recurrent ischemia. Enzymatic infarct size, bleeding and incidence of death or recurrent MI at 2 years follow-up was comparable between the treatment groups.

Conclusions: In high-risk patients with NSTE-ACS, TSTE is frequently seen. Similar to findings in patients with high-risk NSTE-ACS, immediate angiography and revascularization in these patients is feasible but not superior to later treatment. Prospective randomized trials are needed to provide more evidence in the optimal timing of treatment in patients with TSTE-ACS. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.