It is well documented that cancer treatment may temporarily or permanently impair childbearing potential of young women with breast cancer. Given that many patients have not initiated or completed their families when diagnosed, fertility issues are of utmost importance in this clinical population. This review addresses the importance of incorporating fertility issues into the clinical care of young breast cancer patients, focusing on recent knowledge and counselling practices about fertility-related issues and the complexity of fertility-related decisions in this population. Multiple studies report cancer-related infertility may have serious psychological consequences and reduce Quality of Life for some patients. To guide health care providers and patients regarding appropriate, safe, and cost-effective fertility care for women who desire biological children, several professional organizations have developed clinical practice guidelines. However, the extent to which health professionals use these guidelines and provide timely and appropriate fertility-related information to patients is questionable. Fertility should not be neglected by health care providers and a multidisciplinary team is needed to target fertility issues at diagnosis and into survivorship care, providing timely, clear information that includes support, resources, and appropriate referral to fertility specialists. This information will assist in making well-informed decisions about fertility after breast cancer.
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