We report a statistically significant increase in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in subcutaneous melanoma metastases removed from patients immunized with a melanoma vaccine. Dense cellular infiltrates were seen in 10 of 11 nodules from vaccine-immunized patients, compared with 9 of 22 nodules from non-immunized patients (p = 0.02). Furthermore, these dense lymphocytic collections more frequently infiltrated the body of tumor nodules from immunized patients, whereas in non-immunized patients, lymphocytes were more often present only in the dermal tissue at the periphery of the nodule. Thus, allogeneic melanoma vaccines may augment immune responses to a patient's own tumor.
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