Character of ramifications in the preterminal and terminal axonal parts in the neuropil of the dorsal ganglia have been studied in 16 edible snails (Halix pomatia). The nervous tissue is impregnated with silver nitrate after Golgifast method. Serial sections are made in two projections: horizontal and vertical. The analysis of peculiarities of the spatial distribution of the afferent fibers (AF) demonstrates their several forms that are united into the following types: dominant, probable and transitional. Comparison of the edible snail AF with those in the higher vertebrata makes it possible to conclude that the character of ramification of their preterminal and terminal parts and principle of organizational connections of the AF with the postsynaptical structures are principally similar.
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Epilepsia
January 2025
Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Objective: This study was undertaken to test the following hypotheses in the Atp1a3 mouse (which carries the most common human ATP1A3 (the major subunit of the neuronal Na/K-adenosine triphosphatase [ATPase]) mutation, D801N): sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) occurs during seizures and is due to terminal apneas in some and due to lethal cardiac arrhythmias in others; and Atp1a3 mice have central cardiorespiratory dysregulation and abnormal respiratory drive.
Methods: Comparison was made of littermate wild-type and Atp1a3 groups using (1) simultaneous in vivo video-telemetry recordings of electroencephalogram, electrocardiogram, and breathing; (2) whole-body plethysmography; and (3) hypoglossal nerve recordings.
Results: In Atp1a3 mice, (1) SUDEP consistently occurred during seizures that were more severe than preterminal seizures; (2) seizure clustering occurred in periods preceding SUDEP; (3) slowing of breathing rate (BR) and heart rate was observed preictally before preterminal and terminal seizures; and (4) the sequence during terminal seizures was as follows: bradypnea with bradycardia/cardiac arrhythmias, then terminal apnea, followed by terminal cardiac arrhythmias.
Int J Vet Sci Med
September 2024
Department of Cell and Tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
Studying scute and fin morphology are advantageous approaches for phylogenetic identification and provide information on biological linkages and evolutionary history that are essential for deciphering the fossil record. Despite this, no prior research has precisely characterized the histological structures of scutes in the common pleco. Therefore, this research investigated the microstructure and organization of bone tissue within the dermal skeleton, including the scutes and fins, in the common pleco, using light microscopy, stereomicroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Stem Cell
July 2024
Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Departments of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. Electronic address:
Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) secrete serotonin (enterochromaffin [EC] cells) or specific peptide hormones (non-EC cells) that serve vital metabolic functions. The basis for terminal EEC diversity remains obscure. By forcing activity of the transcription factor (TF) NEUROG3 in 2D cultures of human intestinal stem cells, we replicated physiologic EEC differentiation and examined transcriptional and cis-regulatory dynamics that culminate in discrete cell types.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Insect Sci
April 2024
Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
The insect ion transport peptide (ITP) and its alternatively spliced variant, ITP-like peptide (ITP-L), belong to the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone family of peptides and are widely conserved among insect species. While limited, studies have characterized the ITP/ITP-L signaling system within insects, and putative functions including regulation of ion and fluid transport, ovarian maturation, and thirst/excretion have been proposed. Herein, we aimed to molecularly investigate and expression profiles in the mosquito, , examine peptide immunolocalization and distribution within the adult central nervous system, and elucidate physiological roles for these neuropeptides.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle
August 2024
Department of Internal Medicine, Sections on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) impairs cognitive functions and peripheral systems, including skeletal muscles. The PS19 mouse, expressing the human tau P301S mutation, shows cognitive and muscular pathologies, reflecting the central and peripheral atrophy seen in AD.
Methods: We analysed skeletal muscle morphology and neuromuscular junction (NMJ) through immunohistochemistry and advanced image quantification.
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