Semicarbazide is a widespread food contaminant that is produced by multiple pathways. However, the toxicity of semicarbazide to human health remains unclear. Using a highly accurate and sensitive isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method, we identified and quantitated in this study for the first time the DNA and RNA adduct of semicarbazide in DNA/RNA isolated from the internal organs of semicarbazide-exposed rats. The analysis revealed a dose-dependent formation of the adducts in the internal organs of the semicarbazide-dosed rats and with the highest adduct levels identified in the stomach and small intestine. Furthermore, results showed significantly higher levels of the RNA adduct (4.1-7.0 times) than that of the DNA adducts. By analyzing DNA/RNA samples isolated from rat organs in semicarbazide-dosed rats at different time points postdosing, the adduct stability in vivo was also investigated. These findings suggest that semicarbazide could have exerted its toxicity by affecting both the transcription and translation processes of the cell.
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