AI Article Synopsis
- This longitudinal study aimed to test the Job Demand-Control-Support (JDCS) model and its relationship with burnout changes among nurses over 14 months.
- Previous research has rarely examined the iso-strain and buffer hypotheses of the JDCS model concurrently, particularly regarding changes in job characteristics and burnout.
- The study found that initial job characteristics had a small effect on burnout levels, while changes in job characteristics significantly influenced emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment over time.
Article Abstract
Aims: The main aim of this longitudinal study was to test the Job Demand-Control-Support (JDCS) model and to analyze whether changes in psychosocial job characteristics are related to (changes in) burnout.
Background: Previous studies on the effects of JDCS variables on burnout dimensions have indicated that the iso-strain hypothesis (i.e., high job demands, low control, and low support additively predict high stress reactions) and the buffer hypotheses (i.e., high job control and/or social support is expected to moderate the negative impact of high demands on stress reactions) have hardly been examined concurrently in a longitudinal design; and that the effects of changes of psychosocial job variables on burnout dimensions have hardly been analyzed.
Design: This two wave study was carried out over a period of 14 months in a sample of 217 Italian nurses.
Method: Hierarchical regression analyses were used to test the cross lagged main and interactive effects of JDCS variables, and to analyse the across-time effects of changes in JDCS dimensions on burnout variables.
Results: The Time 1 job characteristics explained 2-8% of the variance in the Time 2 burnout dimensions, but no support for the additive, or the buffer hypothesis of the JDCS model was found. Changes in job characteristics explained an additional 3-20% of variance in the Time 2 burnout dimensions. Specifically, high levels of emotional exhaustion at Time 2 were explained by high levels of social support at Time 1, and unfavorable changes in demands, control, and support over time; high depersonalization at Time 2 was explained by high social support at time 1 and by an increase in demands over time; and high personal accomplishment at Time 2 was predicted by high demands, high control, interactive effect demands × control × social support, at Time 1, and by a decrease in demands over time. No reversed effects of burnout on work characteristics have been found.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the work environment is subject to changes: the majority of employees experienced considerable changes in all job conditions over time. These changes impacted employee burnout. Limitations and implications of the study are discussed.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4960268 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01082 | DOI Listing |
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