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Large Language Models in Worldwide Medical Exams: Platform Development and Comprehensive Analysis.
J Med Internet Res
December 2024
Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Background: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into medical education, with transformative potential for learning and assessment. However, their performance across diverse medical exams globally has remained underexplored.
Objective: This study aims to introduce MedExamLLM, a comprehensive platform designed to systematically evaluate the performance of LLMs on medical exams worldwide.
Generative Adversarial Networks for Neuroimage Translation.
J Comput Biol
December 2024
Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada.
Image-to-image translation has gained popularity in the medical field to transform images from one domain to another. Medical image synthesis via domain transformation is advantageous in its ability to augment an image dataset where images for a given class are limited. From the learning perspective, this process contributes to the data-oriented robustness of the model by inherently broadening the model's exposure to more diverse visual data and enabling it to learn more generalized features.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrevalence of Disability Among Older Adults in Prison.
JAMA Netw Open
December 2024
Department of Health Policy and Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
Importance: The number of older adults in long-term correctional facilities (prisons) has increased rapidly in recent years. The cognitive and functional status of this population is not well understood due to limitations in the availability of longitudinal data.
Objective: To comparatively examine the prevalence and disability status of the population of adults 55 years and older in prisons and adults living in community settings for a 14-year period (2008-2022).
Simultaneous Coproduction of Xylonic Acid and Xylitol: Leveraging In Situ Hydrogen Generation and Utilization from Xylose.
ChemSusChem
December 2024
Green Carbon Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
Pentose oxidation and reduction, processes yielding value-added sugar-derived acids and alcohols, typically involve separate procedures necessitating distinct reaction conditions. In this study, a novel one-pot reaction for the concurrent production of xylonic acid and xylitol from xylose is proposed. This reaction was executed at ambient temperature in the presence of a base, eliminating the need for external gases, by leveraging Pt-supported catalysts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnnotation of RxLR Effectors in Oomycete Genomes.
Methods Mol Biol
January 2025
Horticultural Crops Disease and Pest Management Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Corvallis, OR, USA.
Pathogens have evolved effector proteins to suppress host immunity and facilitate plant infections. RxLR effectors are small, secreted effector proteins with conserved RxLR and dEER amino acid motifs at the N terminus and highly variable C termini and are commonly found in oomycete species. We provide computational approaches to annotate RxLR candidate effector genes in a genome assembly in FASTA format with an available GFF file.
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