A comparison has been made of the air-kerma standards for low-energy x rays at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). The comparison involved a series of measurements at the PTB and the NIST using the air-kerma standards and two NIST reference-class transfer ionization chamber standards. Results are presented for the reference radiation beam qualities in the range from 25 kV to 50 kV for low energy x rays, including the techniques used for mammography dose traceability. The tungsten generated reference radiation qualities, between 25 kV and 50 kV used for this comparison, are new to NIST; therefore this comparison will serve as the preliminary comparison for NIST and a verification of the primary standard correction factors. The mammography comparison will repeat two previously unpublished comparisons between PTB and NIST. The results show the standards to be in reasonable agreement within the standard uncertainty of the comparison of about 0.4 %.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/jres.114.023 | DOI Listing |
Microbiol Spectr
January 2025
Complex Microbial Systems Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.
The experimental methods employed during metagenomic sequencing analyses of microbiome samples significantly impact the resulting data and typically vary substantially between laboratories. In this study, a full factorial experimental design was used to compare the effects of a select set of methodological choices (sample, operator, lot, extraction kit, variable region, and reference database) on the analysis of biologically diverse stool samples. For each parameter investigated, a main effect was calculated that allowed direct comparison both between methodological choices (bias effects) and between samples (real biological differences).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Soc Mass Spectrom
January 2025
Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8362, United States.
While gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has long been used to identify compounds in complex mixtures, this process is often subjective and time-consuming and leaves a large fraction of seemingly good-quality spectra unidentified. In this work, we describe a set of new mass spectral library-based methods to assist compound identification in complex mixtures. These methods employ mass spectral uniqueness and compound ubiquity of library entries alongside noise reduction and automated comparison of retention indices to library compounds.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRapid Commun Mass Spectrom
March 2025
Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Rationale: Wildlife scientists are quantifying steroid hormones in a growing number of tissues and employing novel methods that must undergo validation before application. This study tested the accuracy and precision of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods for use on blubber samples from short-finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus). We expanded upon a method for corticosteroid quantification by adding analytes and optimizing internal standard (IS) application.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Comput Assist Tomogr
January 2025
GE HealthCare, Waukesha, WI.
Objective: Patient positioning during clinical practice can be challenging, and mispositioning leads to a change in CT number. CT number fluctuation was assessed in single-energy (SE) EID, dual-energy (DE) EID, and deep silicon photon-counting detector (PCD) CT over water-equivalent diameter (WED) with different mispositions.
Methods: A phantom containing five clinically relevant inserts (Mercury Phantom, Gammex) was scanned on a clinical EID CT and a deep silicon PCD CT prototype at vertical positions of 0, 4, 8, and 12 cm.
Micromachines (Basel)
December 2024
NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
We describe a modification of a previously described measurement-analysis protocol to determine the intrinsic properties of triaxial accelerometers by using a measurement protocol based on angular stepwise rotation in the Earth's gravitational field. This study was conducted with MEMS triaxial accelerometers that were co-integrated in four consumer-grade wireless microsensors. The measurements were carried out on low-cost rotation tables in different laboratories in different countries to simulate the reproducibility environment encountered in inter-comparisons of calibration capabilities.
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