Analysis of the Electrical Properties of an Electron Injection Layer in Alq3-Based Organic Light Emitting Diodes.

We investigated the carrier transfer and luminescence characteristics of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) with structure ITO/HAT-CN/NPB/Alq3/Al, ITO/HAT-CN/NPB/Alq3/Liq/Al, and ITO/HAT-CN/NPB/Alq3/LiF/A. The performance of the OLED device is improved by inserting an electron injection layer (EIL), which induces lowering of the electron injection barrier. We also investigated the electrical transport behaviors of p-Si/Alq3/Al, p-Si/Alq3/Liq/Al, and p-Si/Alq3/LiF/Al Schottky diodes, by using current-voltage (L-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) characterization methods. The parameters of diode quality factor n and barrier height φ(b) were dependent on the interlayer materials between Alq3 and Al. The barrier heights φ(b) were 0.59, 0.49, and 0.45 eV, respectively, and the diode quality factors n were 1.34, 1.31, and 1.30, respectively, obtained from the I-V characteristics. The built in potentials V(bi) were 0.41, 0.42, and 0.42 eV, respectively, obtained from the C-V characteristics. In this experiment, Liq and LiF thin film layers improved the carrier transport behaviors by increasing electron injection from Al to Alq3, and the LiF schottky diode showed better I-V performance than the Liq schottky diode. We confirmed that a Liq or LiF thin film inter-layer governs electron and hole transport at the Al/Alq3 interface, and has an important role in determining the electrical properties of OLED devices.