Adjuvant immunotherapy with autologous cytokine-induced killer cells for hepatocellular carcinoma patients after curative resection, a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Cytokine-induced killer cells have been used as an adjuvant treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma with curative treatment. However, the outcomes remain controversial.

Aim: We conducted this meta-analysis to assess the safety and efficacy of cytokine-induced killer cells.

Methods: Randomized controlled trials on cytokine-induced killer cells for hepatocellular carcinoma after curative treatments were identified by electronic searches. A meta-analysis was carried out to examine disease-free survival, overall survival rate and adverse effect.

Results: Six randomized controlled trials with 844 patients (85.9% with hepatitis B or C) were included. Our meta-analysis showed that cytokine-induced killer cells can not only improve the 1-year (RR=1.23, P<0.001), 2-year (RR=1.37, P<0.001) and 3-year (RR=1.35, P=0.004) disease-free survival, but also improve the 1-year (RR=1.08, P=0.001), 2-year (RR=1.14, P<0.001) and 3-year (RR=1.15, P=0.02) overall survival. However, it failed to affect the 4-year and 5-year disease-free survival and overall survival (P>0.05). At the same time, cytokine-induced killer cells treatment was proved to be a safe strategy with the comparable adverse events comparing to the control group (P=0.39).

Conclusions: This review provides the best available evidence that adjuvant cytokine-induced killer cells treatment can be safely used to improve the early disease-free survival and survival of hepatitis B or C related hepatocellular carcinoma.