In this article, we describe how residential segregation and individual racial disparities generate racialized patterns of subprime lending and lead to financial loss among black borrowers in segregated cities. We conceptualize race as a cumulative disadvantage because of its direct and indirect effects on socioeconomic status at the individual and neighborhood levels, with consequences that reverberate across a borrower's life and between generations. Using Baltimore, Maryland as a case study setting, we combine data from reports filed under the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act with additional loan-level data from mortgage-backed securities. We find that race and neighborhood racial segregation are critical factors explaining black disadvantage across successive stages in the process of lending and foreclosure, controlling for differences in borrower credit scores, income, occupancy status, and loan-to-value ratios. We analyze the cumulative cost of predatory lending to black borrowers in terms of reduced disposable income and lost wealth. We find the cost to be substantial. Black borrowers paid an estimated additional 5 to 11 percent in monthly payments and those that completed foreclosure in the sample lost an excess of $2 million in home equity. These costs were magnified in mostly black neighborhoods and in turn heavily concentrated in communities of color. By elucidating the mechanisms that link black segregation to discrimination we demonstrate how processes of cumulative disadvantage continue to undermine black socioeconomic status in the United States today.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spv002 | DOI Listing |
Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes
January 2025
Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. (X.W., M.L.N., K.M.V., P.G., J.R.G.E., A.J.J.C.B., J.J.M.T.).
Background: Observed patient survival after cardiothoracic interventions should ideally be placed in the context of matched-general-population survival. This study outlines several methodologies of matching general population mortality to the study sample, subsequently calculating cumulative matched-general-population survival, highlighting their respective advantages, disadvantages, and limitations.
Methods: A multicenter data set containing survival data after the Ross procedure was used for methodological illustration.
J Med Virol
January 2025
Department of Acute Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China.
As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, increasingly complex vaccination and infection histories have made it urgent to investigate the antibody dynamics in populations with hybrid immunity. This study aimed to explore the multi-time-point dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels in a community-based population in Jiangsu Province, China, following the Omicron BA.5 wave, as well as the long-term persistence of IgG antibodies nearly 2 years postinfection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTransplantation
January 2025
Department of Surgery, CORELAB, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
Background: Despite efforts to ensure equitable access to liver transplantation (LT), significant disparities remain. Although prior literature has considered the effects of patient sex, race, and income, the contemporary impact of community socioeconomic disadvantage on outcomes after waitlisting for LT remains to be elucidated. We sought to evaluate the association of community-level socioeconomic deprivation with survival after waitlisting for LT.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPediatr Transplant
February 2025
Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Purpose: In October 2018, the OPTN changed adult heart transplant (HT) allocation policy, increasing the number of adult candidates that had higher priority than pediatric candidates, potentially disadvantaging pediatric waitlist registrants.
Methods: To understand the impact of this policy change, we used SRTR data to identify 1469 pre-policy (7/2016-9/2018) and 2901 (10/2018-12/2022) post-policy pediatric (< 18 years) HT registrants. We quantified mortality and transplant risks using weighted cause-specific hazard models, and then using weighted competing risks regression.
Pathogens
December 2024
Medical School, University of Patras, Rio, 26504 Patras, Greece.
Thalassemia is an inherited hematological disorder characterized by a decrease in the synthesis of or absence of one or more globin chains. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of acute viral hepatitis, constituting a major global health burden and emerging as a critical public health concern. HEV infection is mainly transmitted via the fecal-oral route; however, parenteral transmission through blood components has been reported in both developing and developed countries.
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