Frequency stabilization of laser light is crucial in both scientific and industrial applications. Technological developments now allow analog laser stabilization systems to be replaced with digital electronics such as field-programmable gate arrays, which have recently been utilized to develop such locking systems. We have developed a frequency stabilization system based on a field-programmable gate array, with emphasis on hardware simplicity, which offers a user-friendly alternative to commercial and previous home-built solutions. Frequency modulation, lock-in detection, and a proportional-integral-derivative controller are programmed on the field-programmable gate array and only minimal additional components are required to frequency stabilize a laser. The locking system is administered from a host-computer which provides comprehensive, long-distance control through a versatile interface. Various measurements were performed to characterize the system. The linewidth of the locked laser was measured to be 0.7 ± 0.1 MHz with a settling time of 10 ms. The system can thus fully match laser systems currently in use for atom trapping and cooling applications.
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Sensors (Basel)
January 2025
Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21280, Mexico.
Lock-in amplifiers (LIAs) are critical tools in precision measurement, particularly for applications involving weak signals obscured by noise. Advances in signal processing algorithms and hardware synthesis have enabled accurate signal extraction, even in extremely noisy environments, making LIAs indispensable in sensor applications for healthcare, industry, and other services. For instance, the electrical impedance measurement of the human body, organs, tissues, and cells, known as bioelectrical impedance, is commonly used in biomedical and healthcare applications because it is non-invasive and relatively inexpensive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEntropy (Basel)
December 2024
Faculty of Computing and Telecommunications, Poznań University of Technology, 60-965 Poznań, Poland.
In this paper, we propose a method to enhance the performance of a random number generator (RNG) that exploits ring oscillators (ROs). Our approach employs additional phase detectors to extract more entropy; thus, RNG uses fewer resources to produce bit sequences that pass all statistical tests proposed by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Generating a specified number of bits is on-demand, eliminating the need for continuous RNG operation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRev Sci Instrum
January 2025
Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE), School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
Increasing the degree of freedom for quantum entanglement within tensor networks can enhance the depiction of the essence in many-body systems. However, this enhancement comes with a significant increase in computational complexity and critical slowing down, which drastically increases time consumption. This work converts a quantum tensor network algorithm into a classical circuit on the Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) and arranges the computing unit with a dense parallel design, efficiently optimizing the time consumption.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFree space optical communication (FSOC) technology can be used for data transmission between ocean islands as backup wireless communication networks to cope with traffic surges and emergencies. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate the results of a 24-h real-time single-wavelength 2.5-Gbps FSOC between two islands 29 km apart at a low altitude with low complexity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRev Sci Instrum
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
Long-Time Coherent Integration (LTCI) utilizes digital integration to combine multiple coherent cycles, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Our previous work introduced single-bit LTCI, an approach optimized for FPGA implementation, but faced challenges of output saturation at high SNR levels and inherent limitations in SNR gain (SNRG), which are insufficient for certain applications. This paper presents a threshold tracking method that improves the performance of single-bit LTCI in high-SNR scenarios.
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