AI Article Synopsis
- PLAG1 is a key gene often activated in pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and is believed to play a role in the transition to carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA), a malignant form that develops from PA.
- A study analyzed PLAG1 expression in 40 PAs, 21 residual PAs, and 40 CXPAs using immunohistochemistry, finding that PLAG1 was positive in 92.5% of PAs but only 35% of CXPAs, suggesting a loss of expression during malignant transformation.
- Higher PLAG1 levels were linked to low-grade CXPAs with early invasion, particularly in specific subtypes like myoepithelial carcinoma, indicating that loss of
Article Abstract
PLAG1 (pleomorphic adenoma gene 1) is frequently activated in pleomorphic adenoma (PA). Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) arises in PA, and PLAG1 expression is believed to be maintained from PA to CXPA, as it can contribute to the carcinogenesis process. To evaluate if PLAG1 is a good marker of malignant transformation from PA to CXPA as well as to evaluate if PLAG1 expression is associated with progression and histopathologic subtype of CXPA. Forty PAs, 21 residual PAs (without malignant transformation), and 40 CXPAs were analyzed by immunohistochemistry with PLAG1 antibody. The proportion of positive neoplastic cells was assessed according to a 2-tiered scale: >10% to 50%, and >50% positive cells. The CXPA group was classified according to histopathologic subtype and invasiveness degree. Thirty-seven PAs (92.5%), 15 residual PAs (71%), and 14 CXPAs (35%) were positive for PLAG1. In relation to the CXPA group, among the intracapsular cases, myoepithelial carcinoma and epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma showed the highest level of PLAG1 expression. PLAG1 expression is lost when PA undergoes malignant transformation, possibly due to other pathway activation and different clone cells. In addition, PLAG1 expression seems to be present mainly in low-grade carcinomas and in cases with early phase of invasion, due to its regulation of oncogene-induced cell senescence. In CXPA, PLAG1 expression was most associated with myoepithelial differentiation. This way, loss of PLAG1 expression can be considered a hallmark of CXPA carcinogenesis, mainly when there is only epithelial differentiation.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humpath.2016.07.011 | DOI Listing |
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