AI Article Synopsis
- Histamine binds to copper(I) in hydroxylating enzymes, activating dioxygen and leading to the formation of copper(III) products, not just copper(II) as previously thought.
- Direct evidence shows that copper(III) is a significant oxidation state for these products, with specific complexes like Cu(II)2Cu(III)O2 and Cu(III)2O2 predominating at low temperatures based on the ligand and oxygen conditions.
- Kinetic studies reveal an intermediate dimer form before the final products, with differences in hydrogen reactivity linked more to the structure of the complexes rather than their oxidizing strength.
Article Abstract
Histamine chelation of copper(I) by a terminal histidine residue in copper hydroxylating enzymes activates dioxygen to form unknown oxidants, generally assumed as copper(II) species. The direct formation of copper(III)-containing products from the oxygenation of histamine-ligated copper(I) complexes is demonstrated here, indicating that copper(III) is a viable oxidation state in such products from both kinetic and thermodynamic perspectives. At low temperatures, both trinuclear Cu(II)2Cu(III)O2 and dinuclear Cu(III)2O2 predominate, with the distribution dependent on the histamine ligand structure and oxygenation conditions. Kinetics studies suggest the bifurcation point to these two products is an unobserved peroxide-level dimer intermediate. The hydrogen atom reactivity difference between the trinuclear and binuclear complexes at parity of histamine ligand is striking. This behavior is best attributed to the accessibility of the bridging oxide ligands to exogenous substrates rather than a difference in oxidizing abilities of the clusters.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6b05538 | DOI Listing |
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