Seizures in newborns do not always show a clear electro-clinical correlation. The real epileptic nature of some stereotyped rhythmic movements, included in the 'subtle seizures' and considered as brainstem release phenomena, is still debated. We report a brain injured newborn, who displayed several episodes of repetitive limb movements. The ictal EEG discharge, during one of these episodes, was associated with a motor pattern modification, which was endowed with quadrupedal locomotion kinematic features. This might represent an indirect evidence of cervical and lumbar Central Pattern Generators interconnection with in-phase coordination between diagonal limbs since the first hours of life in humans.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.07.015 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
December 2024
Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
Recent evidence indicates that human ancestors utilized a combination of quadrupedal walking, climbing, and bipedal walking. Therefore, the origin of bipedalism may be linked to underlying mechanisms supporting diverse locomotor modes. This study aimed to elucidate foundations of varied locomotor modes from the perspective of motor control by identifying muscle synergies and demonstrating similarities in synergy compositions across different locomotor modes in chimpanzees and Japanese macaques.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Physiol
January 2025
School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Muscle Nerve
February 2025
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
Introduction/aims: VAChT-Cre is a transgenic mouse line targeting slow-twitch fatigue-resistant and fast-twitch fatigue-resistant motor neurons that innervate oxidative type I and type IIa muscle fibers. To ablate these neurons, VAChT-Cre mice were crossbred with NSE-DTA mice, leading to the expression of diphtheria toxin A after Cre-mediated excision. The resulting VAChT-Cre;NSE-DTA mice exhibited motor deficits, abnormal locomotion, muscular atrophy, and tremor, making them a useful model for studying motor neuron physiology and pathology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Biol Anthropol
January 2025
Centre for Human Evolution Research (CHER), Natural History Museum, London, UK.
Objective: Chimpanzees are altricial in terms of their locomotor development and transition from being carried to engaging in suspensory and arboreal locomotor behaviors to eventually relying on terrestrial quadrupedalism as their main form of locomotion. Here, we consider the mechanical implications of femoral cortical bone restructuring during growth and locomotor development in wild chimpanzees.
Materials And Methods: Cortical bone structure was examined in an ontogenetic sample of wild chimpanzees from a single subspecies (P.
Turtles are a small clade of vertebrates despite having existed since the Late Triassic. Turtles have a conservative body plan relative to other amniotes, characterized by the presence of a shell and quadrupedality. This morphology is even retained in strong ecological specialists, such as sea turtles, which are secondarily adapted to marine locomotion by strong allometric scaling in their hands.
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