Introduction: p-cresol (PC) and p-cresyl sulfate (PCS) are responsible for many of the uremia clinical consequences, such as atherosclerosis in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients.
Objectives: We investigate the in vitro impact of PC and PCS on monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression via NF-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 in VSMC.
Methods: PCS was synthesized by PC sulfatation. VSMC were extracted by enzymatic digestion of umbilical cord vein and characterized by immunofluorescence against α-actin antibody. The cells were treated with PC and PCS at their normal (n), uremic (u) and maximum uremic concentrations (m). Cell viability was assessed by MTT. MCP-1 expression was investigated by ELISA in cells supernatants after toxins treatment with or without the NF-κB p65 inhibitor.
Results: There was no significant difference in cell viability after toxins treatment for all concentrations tested. There was a significant increase in MCP-1 expression in cells treated with PCu and PCm (p < 0.001) and PCSn, PCSu and PCSm (p < 0.001), compared with the control. When VSMC were treated with the NF-κB p65 inhibitor plus PCu and PCm, there was a significant decrease in MCP-1 production (p < 0.005). This effect was not observed with PCS.
Conclusions: VSMC are involved in atherosclerosis lesion formation and production of MCP-1, which contributes to the inflammatory response initiation. Our results suggest that PC mediates MCP-1 production in VSMC, probably through NF-κB p65 pathway, although we hypothesize that PCS acts through a different subunit pathway since NF-κB p65 inhibitor was not able to inhibit MCP-1 production.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/0101-2800.20160024 | DOI Listing |
Curr Protein Pept Sci
January 2025
Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China.
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Phytomedicine
January 2025
Department of Integrative Biotechnology, and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:
Background: Inflammation is the body's innate reaction to foreign pathogens and serves as a self-regulating mechanism. However, the immune system can mistakenly target the body's own tissues, triggering unnecessary inflammation. For millennia, medicinal plants have been employed for the treatment of diseases.
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January 2025
Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro, and Behavioural Sciences (C-TNBS), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen 45147, Germany; Department of Pharmacology & Personalised Medicine, MeHNS, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, ER 6229, the Netherlands. Electronic address:
Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stands as a pivotal regulatory element in intracellular signalling pathways, mediating the formation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and impacting diverse physiological processes across tissues. Increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is widely recognized to modulate cGMP signalling. Indeed, oxidatively damaged, and therefore inactive sGC, contributes to poor vascular reactivity and more severe neurological damage upon stroke.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand.
Cadmium is a non-essential element and neurotoxin that causes neuroinflammation, which leads to neurodegenerative diseases and brain cancer. To date, there are no specific or effective therapeutic agents to control inflammation and alleviate cadmium-induced progressive destruction of brain cells. Fluoroquinolones (FQs), widely used antimicrobials with effective blood-brain barrier penetration, show promise in being repurposed as anti-inflammatory drugs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmunol Res
January 2025
Department of Otolaryngology, Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital (Qingdao Hiser Hospital), Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266033, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
Baicalein, one of the major active flavonoids found in Scutellaria baicalensis, has been revealed to exhibit potent anti-inflammatory properties in allergic airway inflammation. This study aimed to explore the role of baicalein and its relevant mechanism in the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR). The bioinformatics tools were used to predict the targets of baicalein and AR-related genes.
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