Despite covering only approximately 138 000 km , mangroves are globally important carbon sinks with carbon density values three to four times that of terrestrial forests. A key challenge in evaluating the carbon benefits from mangrove forest conservation is the lack of rigorous spatially resolved estimates of mangrove sediment carbon stocks; most mangrove carbon is stored belowground. Previous work has focused on detailed estimations of carbon stores over relatively small areas, which has obvious limitations in terms of generality and scope of application. Most studies have focused only on quantifying the top 1 m of belowground carbon (BGC). Carbon stored at depths beyond 1 m, and the effects of mangrove species, location and environmental context on these stores, are poorly studied. This study investigated these variables at two sites (Gazi and Vanga in the south of Kenya) and used the data to produce a country-specific BGC predictive model for Kenya and map BGC store estimates throughout Kenya at spatial scales relevant for climate change research, forest management and REDD+ (reduced emissions from deforestation and degradation). The results revealed that mangrove species was the most reliable predictor of BGC; Rhizophora muronata had the highest mean BGC with 1485.5 t C ha . Applying the species-based predictive model to a base map of species distribution in Kenya for the year 2010 with a 2.5 m resolution produced an estimate of 69.41 Mt C [±9.15 95% confidence interval (C.I.)] for BGC in Kenyan mangroves. When applied to a 1992 mangrove distribution map, the BGC estimate was 75.65 Mt C (±12.21 95% C.I.), an 8.3% loss in BGC stores between 1992 and 2010 in Kenya. The country-level mangrove map provides a valuable tool for assessing carbon stocks and visualizing the distribution of BGC. Estimates at the 2.5 m resolution provide sufficient details for highlighting and prioritizing areas for mangrove conservation and restoration.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13438 | DOI Listing |
ACS Infect Dis
January 2025
Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India.
The complete tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, comprising a series of 8 oxidative reactions, occurs in most eukaryotes in the mitochondria and in many prokaryotes. The net outcome of these 8 chemical reactions is the release of the reduced electron carriers NADH and FADH, water, and carbon dioxide. The parasites of the .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Sci Pollut Res Int
January 2025
Facultad de Ciencias, Sección Limnología, IECA, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
The biochemical composition of sediments, which depends on the origin of the organic matter (OM), is decisive in methane (CH) production. This study aimed to determine the CH produced under anaerobic conditions from different substrates: native reservoir sediments and sediments with the addition of complex OM from Microcystis spp. blooms and terrestrial plants (pasture), alongside the biochemical characterization of the substrates used.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanomicro Lett
January 2025
Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
Compared with Zn, the current mainly reported charge carrier for zinc hybrid capacitors, small-hydrated-sized and light-weight NH is expected as a better one to mediate cathodic interfacial electrochemical behaviors, yet has not been unraveled. Here we propose an NH-modulated cationic solvation strategy to optimize cathodic spatial charge distribution and achieve dynamic Zn/NH co-storage for boosting Zinc hybrid capacitors. Owing to the hierarchical cationic solvated structure in hybrid Zn(CFSO)-NHCFSO electrolyte, high-reactive Zn and small-hydrate-sized NH(HO) induce cathodic interfacial Helmholtz plane reconfiguration, thus effectively enhancing the spatial charge density to activate 20% capacity enhancement.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnal Chem
January 2025
Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany.
Compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) using liquid chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (LC-IRMS) is a powerful tool for determining the isotopic composition of carbon in analytes from complex mixtures. However, LC-IRMS methods are constrained to fully aqueous eluents. Previous efforts to overcome this limitation were unsuccessful, as the use of organic eluents in LC-IRMS was deemed impossible.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAcc Chem Res
January 2025
The Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States.
ConspectusIn the search for efficient and selective electrocatalysts capable of converting greenhouse gases to value-added products, enzymes found in naturally existing bacteria provide the basis for most approaches toward electrocatalyst design. Ni,Fe-carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (Ni,Fe-CODH) is one such enzyme, with a nickel-iron-sulfur cluster named the C-cluster, where CO binds and is converted to CO at high rates near the thermodynamic potential. In this Account, we divide the enzyme's catalytic contributions into three categories based on location and function.
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