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VCSAP: Online reinforcement learning exploration method based on visitation count of state-action pairs.

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Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering (Jilin University), Changchun 130012, China; College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; College of Software, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China. Electronic address:

In the domain of online reinforcement learning, strategies that leverage inherent rewards for exploration tend to achieve commendable outcomes within contexts characterized by deceptive or sparse rewards. Counting through the visitation of states is an efficient count-based exploration method to get the proper intrinsic reward. However, only the novelty of the states encountered by the agent is considered in this exploration method, resulting in the over-exploration of a certain state-action pair and falling into a locally optimal solution.

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Introduction: The rapid urbanization of rural regions, along with an aging population, has resulted in a substantial manpower scarcity for agricultural output, necessitating the urgent development of highly intelligent and accurate agricultural equipment technologies.

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Department of Physics & Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China.

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Accurate acne severity grading is crucial for effective clinical treatment and timely follow-up management. Although some artificial intelligence methods have been developed to automate the process of acne severity grading, the diversity of acne image capture sources and the various application scenarios can affect their performance. Therefore, it's necessary to design special methods and evaluate them systematically before introducing them into clinical practice.

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