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Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive cancer treatment that works by using light to stimulate the production of excessive cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), which effectively eliminates tumor cells. However, the therapeutic effects of PDT are often limited by tumor hypoxia, which prevents effective tumor cell elimination. The oxygen (O) consumption during PDT can further exacerbate hypoxia, leading to post-treatment adverse events.

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A Droplet Microfluidic Sensor for Point-of-Care Measurement of Plasma/Serum Total Free Thiol Concentrations.

Anal Chem

January 2025

Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.

Total free thiols are an important marker of the whole-body redox state, which has been shown to be associated with clinical outcome in health and disease. Recent investigations have suggested that increased insight may be gained by monitoring alterations of redox state in response to exercise and hypoxia and to monitor redox trajectories in disease settings. However, conducting such studies is challenging due to the requirement for repeated venous blood sampling and intensive lab work.

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Hydroxylation, an extensive post-translational modification on proline, is critical for the modulation of protein structures, further dominating their functions in life systems. However, current mass spectrometry-based identification, could hardly distinguish hydroxylation from neighboring oxidation due to the same mass shifts, as well as challenges posed by low abundance and exogenous oxidation during sample preparation. To address these, an engineered nanopore was designed, capable of discriminating single hydroxyl group, to achieve the identification of proline hydroxylation on individual native peptides directly in the mixture.

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Synaptotagmin-1 attenuates myocardial programmed necrosis and ischemia/reperfusion injury through the mitochondrial pathway.

Cell Death Dis

January 2025

Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.

Programmed necrosis/necroptosis greatly contributes to the pathogenesis of cardiac disorders including myocardial infarction, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and heart failure. However, the fundamental mechanism underlying myocardial necroptosis, especially the mitochondria-dependent death pathway, is poorly understood. Synaptotagmin-1 (Syt1), a Ca sensor, is originally identified in nervous system and mediates synchronous neurotransmitter release.

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Hypoxia poses a serious challenge for all animals; however, certain animals exhibit a remarkable resilience in the case of prolonged and severe hypoxia. The Siberian wood frog is a unique amphibian capable of surviving for up to several months at almost complete anoxia. We investigated changes in the metabolome of at the onset of hypoxia (day 1) and within 1 h of reoxygenation after a long-term hypoxia using H NMR.

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