The efficiency of most of the new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on clinical trials still falls short the success reported in pre-clinical studies, possibly because the validity of the animal models is insufficient to fully represent the human pathology. To improve the translational value for testing AEDs, we propose the use of non-human primates. Here, we suggest that triggering limbic seizures with low doses of PTZ in pilocarpine-treated marmosets might provide a more effective basis for the development of AED. Marmosets with epileptic background were more susceptible to seizures induced by PTZ, which were at least 3 times longer and more severe (about 6 times greater frequency of generalized seizures) in comparison to naïve peers. Accordingly, PTZ-induced seizures were remarkably less attenuated by AEDs in epileptic than naïve marmosets. While phenobarbital (40mg/kg) virtually abolished seizures regardless of the animal's background, carbamazepine (120mg/kg) and valproic acid (400mg/kg) could not prevent PTZ-induced seizures in epileptic animals with the same efficiency as observed in naïve peers. VPA was less effective regarding the duration of individual seizures in epileptic animals, as assessed in ECoG (p=0.05). Similarly following CBZ treatment, the behavioral manifestation of generalized seizures lasted longer in epileptic (p<0.05), which were also more frequent than in the naïve group (p<0.05). As expected, epileptic marmosets experiencing stronger seizures showed more NPY- and ΔFosB-immunostained neurons in a number of brain areas associated with the generation and spread of limbic seizures. Our results suggest that PTZ induced seizures over an already existing epileptic background constitutes a reliable and controllable mean for the screening of new AEDs.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2016.06.012 | DOI Listing |
Neurol Sci
January 2025
Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
This study intents to detect graphical network features associated with seizure relapse following antiseizure medication (ASM) withdrawal. Twenty-four patients remaining seizure-free (SF-group) and 22 experiencing seizure relapse (SR-group) following ASM withdrawal as well as 46 matched healthy participants (Control) were included. Individualized morphological similarity network was constructed using T1-weighted images, and graphic metrics were compared between groups.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Psychiatry Med
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
Objective: Functional seizures (FS) are a highly debilitating symptom of functional neurological disorder (FND). FS requires a multi-disciplinary approach to treatment because the patient's initial presentation is to neurology, emergency medicine, or primary care and treatment consists of psychotherapy. People with FS commonly experience severe childhood trauma, particularly sexual trauma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEpilepsia
January 2025
National Center for Epilepsy, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, full member of European Reference Network EpiCARE, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Objective: This study was undertaken to describe incidence and distribution of seizures, etiologies, and epilepsy syndromes in the general child and youth population, using the current International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classifications.
Methods: The study platform is the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Epilepsy cases were identified through registry linkages facilitated by Norway's universal health care system and mandatory reporting to the Norwegian Patient Registry.
Epilepsia
January 2025
Texas Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
Objective: The pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus has extensive cortical connections with the temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) targeting the pulvinar nucleus, therefore, carries the potential for therapeutic benefit in patients with drug-resistant posterior quadrant epilepsy (PQE) and neocortical temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Here, we present a single-center experience of patients managed via bilateral DBS of the pulvinar nucleus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEpilepsia
January 2025
Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Objective: This study was undertaken to test the following hypotheses in the Atp1a3 mouse (which carries the most common human ATP1A3 (the major subunit of the neuronal Na/K-adenosine triphosphatase [ATPase]) mutation, D801N): sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) occurs during seizures and is due to terminal apneas in some and due to lethal cardiac arrhythmias in others; and Atp1a3 mice have central cardiorespiratory dysregulation and abnormal respiratory drive.
Methods: Comparison was made of littermate wild-type and Atp1a3 groups using (1) simultaneous in vivo video-telemetry recordings of electroencephalogram, electrocardiogram, and breathing; (2) whole-body plethysmography; and (3) hypoglossal nerve recordings.
Results: In Atp1a3 mice, (1) SUDEP consistently occurred during seizures that were more severe than preterminal seizures; (2) seizure clustering occurred in periods preceding SUDEP; (3) slowing of breathing rate (BR) and heart rate was observed preictally before preterminal and terminal seizures; and (4) the sequence during terminal seizures was as follows: bradypnea with bradycardia/cardiac arrhythmias, then terminal apnea, followed by terminal cardiac arrhythmias.
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