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Liver Failure due to Acute Viral Hepatitis (A-E). | LitMetric

Liver Failure due to Acute Viral Hepatitis (A-E).

Visc Med

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.

Published: April 2016

AI Article Synopsis

Article Abstract

Background: Viral hepatitis is still one of the key causes of acute liver failure (ALF) in the world.

Methods: A selective literature search of the PubMed database was conducted, including current studies, reviews, meta-analyses, and guidelines. We obtained an overview of ALF due to viral hepatitis in terms of epidemiology, course, and treatment options.

Results: Most fulminant viral courses are reported after infection with hepatitis A, B, and B/D, but not with hepatitis C. Hepatitis E is also known to cause ALF but has not gained much attention in recent years. However, more and more autochthonous hepatitis E virus infections have been recently observed in Europe. Reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) under immunosuppressive conditions, such as after intensive chemotherapy, is also an increasing problem. For most viral-induced cases of ALF, liver transplantation represented the only therapeutic option in the past. Today, immediate treatment of HBV-induced ALF with nucleotide or nucleoside analogs is well tolerated and beneficially affects the course of the disease.

Conclusion: Although numbers in Western European countries are decreasing rapidly, reliable diagnostic screening for hepatitis A-E is necessary to identify the etiology and to determine those most at risk of developing ALF.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4926881PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000444915DOI Listing

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