Outbreak of Pneumococcal Pneumonia among Military Recruits.

Background: Between 04 Mar 2002 to 21 Mar 2002, 31 cases of pneumonia were admitted at a military hospital in South India. Most of these cases were young recruits. The out break was investigated to ascertain the cause and suggest preventive measures.

Methods: Detailed epidemiological history was taken from all 31 cases and 100 controls. Case sheets, laboratory reports and chest radiographs were studied. Laboratory investigations included sputum examination by Gram stain and blood cultures on brain heart infusion broth. Cultures grown on liquid media were subcultured on solid media. The regimental centre was visited to note the living and environmental conditions.

Results: Epidemiological investigations revealed overcrowding in the regimental centre. The space per recruit was below recommended standards. 51.6% of recruits who contacted pneumonia were sleeping on double deckers as compared to 21% of healthy controls. Blood culture was positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae in 25.8% of the cases. Chest radiograph showed consolidation typical of lobar pneumonia in 67% of the cases.

Conclusion: The outbreak of pneumococcal pneumonia occurred due to overcrowding. Chilly weather conditions and stress were contributing factors.