DNA damage and differential gene expression associated with physical stress in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata).

Fish stress may result in inhibition of reproduction, development and growth. Thus, appropriate indices should be developed to accurately define the physiological plasticity of fish, in terms of coping with stress. Sea bream individuals were subjected to physical stress (fasting and confinement). DNA fragmentation of liver cells was assessed, in addition to gene expression of selected genes and plasma cortisol levels determination. Stress response was characterized with significant temporal alterations. Increased DNA fragmentation was observed as an aftereffect of physical stress and consequently gene expression of tp53 was stimulated. The expression pattern of glucocorticoid receptor (nr3c1) was directly correlated with plasma cortisol. Furthermore, glucokinase (gk) gene expression was considerably upregulated under acute stress, depicting putative energetic demands. Finally, igf1 downregulation during stress, reflects the suppression of the GH/IGF axis and the substantial stress effects on growth. To conclude, most of the indices described in the present study could be synergistically used, in order to robustly quantify physical stress in marine teleosts.