A versatile multistep continuous flow setup is reported for the four-step conversion of anilines into pyrazole products. The synthesis machine incorporates the use of amine-redox chemistry through diazotization and a metal-free vitamin C mediated reduction. The machine can be used for the synthesis of an array of analogues or the scale up of an individual target.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5re00082c | DOI Listing |
Biomimetics (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada.
Three-dimensional bioprinting (3DP) is transforming the field of regenerative medicine by enabling the precise fabrication of complex tissues, including the retina, a highly specialized and anatomically complex tissue. This review provides an overview of 3DP's principles, its multi-step process, and various bioprinting techniques, such as extrusion-, droplet-, and laser-based methods. Within the scope of biomimicry and biomimetics, emphasis is placed on how 3DP potentially enables the recreation of the retina's natural cellular environment, structural complexity, and biomechanical properties.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChemistry
December 2024
Fraunhofer Institute for Microengineering and Microsystems: Fraunhofer-Institut fur Mikrotechnik und Mikrosysteme IMM, Division Chemistry, Sustainable Syntheses Group, Carl-Zeiss-Straße 18-20, 55129, Mainz, GERMANY.
The selective decarboxylative fluorination of 3-oxo-3-phenylpropionic acid is used as a benchmark reaction to optimize it under biocompatible conditions in batch and to transfer it to continuous flow mode. The reaction conditions are varied with respect to temperature, fluorinating reagents, inorganic base additives, and pH, as these parameters have been identified as having a significant impact on the process. The formation of the products and any by-products is analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRSC Adv
December 2024
Department of Chemical Engineering, BITS Pilani K K Birla Goa Campus, Zuarinagar Goa 403726 India
This study identifies the most suitable catholyte for the electrochemical HI decomposition process, an emerging single-step alternative to the conventional multistep HI section of the I-S thermochemical cycle for hydrogen production. Four catholytes, HO, HPO, HSO, and HI, were shortlisted based on compatibility with the I-S cycle and ability to support the hydrogen evolution. Polarization studies in a two-compartment electrochemical cell revealed a similar order of onset potentials for the electrochemical HI decomposition across all four catholyte electrolytes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Data
December 2024
Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Reliable and continuous meteorological data are crucial for modeling the responses of energy systems and their components to weather and climate conditions, particularly in densely populated urban areas. However, existing long-term datasets often suffer from spatial and temporal gaps and inconsistencies, posing great challenges for detailed urban energy system modeling and cross-city comparison under realistic weather conditions. Here we introduce the Historical Comprehensive Hourly Urban Weather Database (CHUWD-H) v1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Exp Rheumatol
December 2024
Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
The pathogenesis of Sjögren's disease (SjD) is still elusive; however, the disease is widely recognised as a multistep disorder triggered by the interplay of environmental, hormonal and genetic factors. Innate immune system plays a crucial role in the initiation of the inflammatory process, but the amplification and the perpetuation of the autoimmune process require a continual interaction between the innate and adaptive immune systems. Several important contributions elucidating SjD pathogenesis have been recently published due to emerging technologies.
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