Although the presence of spermatozoa with an abnormally large head is rare, it is associated with low fertility or even total infertility. We reviewed the literature on assisted reproductive technology (ART) strategies and outcomes for men with large-headed spermatozoa. We also discuss additional analyses that can usefully characterize sperm defects and help with the choice between intra-couple ART and insemination with donor sperm. Lastly, we propose a classification for cases of large-headed spermatozoa.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4939046 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12610-016-0035-6 | DOI Listing |
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