State-of-the-art technology can play a significant role in solving forensic and parentage problem cases if an expert scientist is employed in the analysis and interpretation of test results. As presented in this paper, there are differences of opinion among witnesses examining the same evidence, therefore illustrating the need for careful examination of evidence even by the expert.
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Plants (Basel)
December 2024
Plant Sciences Unit, ILVO (Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food), Caritasstraat 39, 9090 Melle, Belgium.
Quinoa () cultivation has become increasingly popular in NW Europe but little is known about the performance of contract-free varieties in this region. In this study, we phenotyped 25 quinoa varieties on a single-plant basis in a field trial in Belgium. In addition, we optimized breeding tools such as NIRS (near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy) to estimate the seed crude protein content and a multiplex PCR set to identify true F progeny from pair crosses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry
December 2024
Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
Background: Alexander disease is an autosomal dominant leukodystrophy caused by heterozygous pathogenic variants in the glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP) gene. Although increasingly recognised, there is evidence that Alexander disease, particularly later-onset disease, is significantly underdiagnosed and its true prevalence is unknown (the only population-based prevalence was estimated at one in 2.7 million).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Forensic Sci
January 2025
Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand.
The Y chromosomal haplotype is expected to be identical (or close to, depending on the mutation rate) among a male and many of his paternal relatives. This means that often the same evidential value for the DNA evidence is obtained, whether the true donor or one of his close paternal relatives is compared to a crime sample. Commentators (see for example the UK Forensic Science Regulator or Amorim) have suggested to change the proposition pair to compare the probability of the evidence if the Person of Interest (POI) or one of his close paternal relatives left the DNA to the probability of the evidence if an unrelated male from the population left the DNA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Adv
October 2024
Departments of Comparative Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Interspecies hybrids have nuclear contributions from two species but oocyte cytoplasm from only one. Species discordance may lead to altered nuclear reprogramming of the foreign paternal genome. We reasoned that initial reprogramming in same species cytoplasm plus creation of hybrids with zygote cytoplasm from both species, which we describe here, might enhance nuclear reprogramming and promote hybrid development.
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