Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effect of the angiotensin II receptor 1 (AT1) antagonist irbesartan on rat models with lateral fluid percussion brain injury (FPBI). Methods FPBI models were prepared using a modified fluid percussion injury method. Before and after modeling, irbesartan was given to the rats. The regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was monitored by laser Doppler flowmetry. Neurologic status was evaluated before and 1, 3, 5, 7 days after FPBI surgery. Brains were removed for immunohistochemical evaluation of active microglias and macrophages. Results Compared to sham group, the rCBF and neurologic score of FPBI rats decreased significantly, while microglia and macrophage activation were confirmed. Treatment with irbesartan before FPBI surgery increased rCBF and improved neurological functions. In the peri-infarct cortex, irbesartan treatment attenuated the invasion of activated microglias and macrophages on day 7 after FPBI surgery. Conclusion Irbesartan can play a neuroprotective role through inhibiting microglia and macrophage activation in FPBI rats.
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