French smoking cessation services provide effective support even to the more dependent.

Objective: France is one the few European countries offering a national quit line along with partially cost-covered nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and cessation services. This study assesses outcomes and predictors of continued abstinence in French smoking cessation services.

Method: The French national smoking cessation registry (CDTnet) included 23,810 adult smokers followed-up between 2011 and 2013. We assessed 1-month continued abstinence among 10,161 who initiated a quit attempt before or during follow-up. Predictors of abstinence were determined using multivariable regression model.

Results: Among quitters, 45.2% achieved CO-validated abstinence. Prescription of pharmacotherapy was associated with abstinence rates as high as 47% for combination NRT and 53% for varenicline. The effect of behavioural support associated with combination NRT versus behavioural support alone increased with attendance: OR 1.11 (95% CI 0.89-1.39) for 2-3 visits, OR 1.43 (95% CI 1.13-1.80) for 4-6 visits, OR 1.60 (95% CI 1.21-2.12) for ≥7 visits. Unemployed participants were as likely to be successful as participants in employment (OR 0.88; 95% CI 0.75-1.04). High cigarette dependence also did not significantly hinder abstinence. Young adults achieved the lowest abstinence rates. Predictors that significantly reduced odds of abstinence were: being aged 18 to 24 and a history of alcohol abuse.

Conclusion: With adapted treatment, even the more dependent or less affluent maintained abstinence. Our findings suggest that French cessation services have been successful in providing cessation support. Nevertheless, there is room for improvement in tailoring treatment for some subgroups of smokers.