Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is a relatively uncommon, life-threatening sequela of long-bone fractures. Occurring 24 to 48 hours postinjury, the syndrome manifests as hypoxemia, confusion, and petechiae. The pathophysiologic changes in the lung are consistent with those of ARDS. Nursing priorities include an awareness of risk factors, familiarity with signs and symptoms, and a high index of suspicion in patients with multiple long-bone fractures.
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