AI Article Synopsis
- Cigarette smoking is linked to a higher risk of multiple sclerosis (MS), especially in individuals with a specific genetic marker (HLA-DRB1*15).
- A study analyzed immune responses in the lungs of both smokers and non-smokers with MS through a procedure called bronchoscopy, revealing distinct immune cell behaviors in each group.
- The findings indicate that smoking influences certain immune responses in the lungs, particularly affecting T-cells and macrophages, and also suggest a genetic factor that modifies these responses in people with MS.
Article Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS), and the risk is further multiplied for HLA-DRB1*15(+) smokers. To define the smoke-induced immune responses in the lung we performed bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) on smokers and non-smokers, both MS-patients and healthy volunteers. In the BAL, non-smokers with MS showed an increased preformed CD40L expression in CD4(+) T-cells while smokers displayed an increase in proliferating (Ki-67(+)) T-cells. In addition, our results confirm that smoking induces an increase of alveolar macrophages in BAL, and further defined a significant attenuation of this response in carriers of the HLA-DRB1*15 allele, in both MS patients and healthy controls. This first systematic investigation of the immune response in the lungs of smokers and non-smokers diagnosed with MS, thus suggests an MS-associated lung T-cell phenotype, involvement of a specific T-cell response to smoke, and a genetic regulation of the macrophage response.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2016.06.006 | DOI Listing |
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