Background: According to the current guidelines, long-term survival is an important factor influencing decision making in patients with severe asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Nevertheless, data are lacking for populations with a low incidence of coronary heart disease, the main cause of death among these patients. We aimed to assess the long-term survival after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in a Mediterranean hospital.
Methods: Retrospective analysis was conducted of 291 consecutive patients (main age 69 years, 78.7% men) who underwent a CEA for symptomatic (n = 147, 50.5%) or asymptomatic (n = 144, 49.5%) carotid stenosis in 2005-2014 at the Hospital del Mar (Barcelona, Spain). A Kaplan-Meier life table was done and a multivariable Cox regression model was built for the analysis of the long-term survival-associated risk factors.
Results: The immediate combined mortality and/or neurological morbidity rate was 2.7%. The mean follow-up was 55 months (complete in 99.7%). During follow-up 62 patients (21.3%) died, being cancer the most frequent cause (35.5%). Cumulative 3- and 5-year survival rates were 89% and 81%, respectively. Independent risk factors (Cox regression) related to survival included age (hazards ratio [HR] 1.09, P < 0.001), an American Society of Anesthesiologists class IV score (HR 4.04, P = 0.015), and the preoperative hemoglobin value (HR 0.73, P < 0.001). The discrimination of the resulting model was 0.719 (95% confidence interval 0.644-0.794). Previous symptomatic carotid stenosis was not related to long-term survival.
Conclusions: The long-term survival of patients submitted to CEA in our series lies in the lower limit of the estimated range by other groups and is markedly related to cancer. Our study suggests that predictive models for survival are influenced by regional characteristics.
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