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Western diet and the weakening of the interoceptive stimulus control of appetitive behavior. | LitMetric

Western diet and the weakening of the interoceptive stimulus control of appetitive behavior.

Behav Brain Res

Center for Behavioral Neuroscience and Department of Psychology, American University, Washington, DC, United States. Electronic address:

Published: October 2016

AI Article Synopsis

  • In obesogenic environments, external food cues can overpower internal signals that normally help regulate hunger and energy intake.
  • Experiments showed that rats on a Western diet (WD) could not use internal cues from food deprivation as effectively as those on a regular diet, indicating a change in how they process hunger signals.
  • Further research suggests that the hippocampus plays a key role in this process, and damage to it leads to increased weight gain and reduced response to satiety signals, highlighting how WD may disrupt normal appetite regulation.

Article Abstract

In obesogenic environments food-related external cues are thought to overwhelm internal cues that normally regulate energy intake. We investigated how this shift from external to internal stimulus control might occur. Experiment 1 showed that rats could use stimuli arising from 0 and 4h food deprivation to predict sucrose delivery. Experiment 2 then examined (a) the ability of these deprivation cues to compete with external cues and (b) how consuming a Western-style diet (WD) affects that competition. Rats were trained to use both their deprivation cues and external cues as compound discriminative stimuli. Half of the rats were then placed on WD while the others remained on chow, and external cues were removed to assess learning about deprivation state cues. When tested with external cues removed, chow-fed rats continued to discriminate using only deprivation cues, while WD-fed rats did not. The WD-fed group performed similarly to control groups trained with a noncontingent relationship between deprivation cues and sucrose reinforcement. Previous studies provided evidence that discrimination based on interoceptive deprivation cues depends on the hippocampus and that WD intake could interfere with hippocampal functioning. A third experiment assessed the effects of neurotoxic hippocampal lesions on weight gain and on sensitivity to the appetite-suppressing effects of the satiety hormone cholecystokinin (CCK). Relative to controls, hippocampal-lesioned rats gained more weight and showed reduced sensitivity to a 1.0ug but not 2.0 or 4.0ug CCK doses. These findings suggest that WD intake reduces utilization of interoceptive energy state signals to regulate appetitive behavior via a mechanism that involves the hippocampus.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5404739PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2016.06.020DOI Listing

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