Chlorine (Cl2 ) is utilized worldwide for a diverse range of industrial applications, including pulp bleaching, sanitation, and pharmaceutical development. Though Cl2 has widespread use, little is known regarding the mechanisms of toxicity associated with Cl2 exposure, which occurs during industrial accidents or acts of terrorism. Previous instances of Cl2 exposure have led to reported episodes of respiratory distress that result in high morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, studies suggest that acute Cl2 exposure also results in systemic vascular injury and subsequent myocardial contractile dysfunction. Here, we review both lung and cardiac pathology associated with acute Cl2 inhalation and discuss recently published data that suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction underlies the pathogenesis of Cl2 -induced toxicity. Last, we discuss our findings that suggest that upregulation of autophagy protects against Cl2 -induced lung inflammation and can be a potential therapeutic target for ameliorating the toxic effects of Cl2 exposure.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4940235 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13091 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Population Pharmacokinetic Model of Platinum Disposition in Cancer Patients Receiving Cisplatin and Randomized to 5-HT Antagonist Antiemetic Drugs.
J Clin Pharmacol
December 2024
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Cisplatin is a platinum-based chemotherapeutic drug used to treat many types of cancer. The aim of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model that incorporates plasma unbound and bound platinum levels. Cancer patients undergoing their first or second cycle of cisplatin-containing chemotherapy (n = 33) were prospectively randomized to receive a 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) antagonist (5-HTA) antiemetic (ondansetron, granisetron, or palonosetron) followed by blood collection over 10 days.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTemporal evaluation of lung injury following chlorine Inhalation in a ventilated pig model.
Inhal Toxicol
December 2024
Center for Advanced Drug Development, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Chlorine (Cl) exposure can cause serious lung injuries, and this study aimed to create a model using swine to better understand these injuries and their progression.
- The research involved anesthetizing and exposing male swine to Cl, leading to significant respiratory issues and a high mortality rate shortly after exposure.
- The findings suggest key markers for assessing lung injury and recovery, highlighting the importance of early histopathological evaluations in developing medical countermeasures against chlorine-induced lung damage.
Aromatic Structures Govern the Formation of Chlorinated Byproducts in Dichlorine Radical Reactions.
Environ Sci Technol
October 2024
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates how chlorine (Cl) reacts during advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) to form disinfection byproducts (DBPs), particularly focusing on aromatic structures as the main precursors.
- It was found that under typical Cl conditions, aromatic compounds lead to significantly higher concentrations of certain regulated DBPs compared to aliphatic compounds, with specific examples like trichloromethane and chloroacetic acids.
- The research highlights key mechanisms in DBP formation, suggesting that removing aromatic structures from dissolved organic matter (DOM) before AOP treatments could enhance disinfection efficiency.
Profiling metabolites and exploring metabolism of parabens in human urine using non-target screening and molecular networking.
J Hazard Mater
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China. Electronic address:
Parabens are widely used as preservatives in food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics due to their excellent antimicrobial activities, cost-effectiveness, and stability. Previous studies have demonstrated their harmful potential and ubiquity in the environment and human tissues. This study revealed profiles of parabens and their metabolites in urine samples from a general population of different ages in China using non-target screening.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffect of Cl Radical on Dry Development of Spin-Coated Metal Oxide Resist.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
September 2024
School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
In this study, the effects of Cl radicals on dry development of spin-coated metal oxide resist (MOR) and changes in its surface binding states were investigated to verify the mechanism of dry development. Dry development characteristics of tin hydroxide (Tin OH), which is one of the MOR candidates for next generation lithography, were investigated as functions of process time and temperature using a Cl radicals source. Non-UV-exposed Tin OH film showed a linear etch rate (1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!