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Difficult Airway Management: From the Power of Prediction to the Art of Management.
Anesth Analg
February 2025
Nuffield Department of Anaesthetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Central Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Disease State-of-the-Art.
Sleep
December 2024
Midwest Cardiovascular Institute, Naperville, Illinois, USA.
Central sleep apnea (CSA), a rare polysomnographic finding in the general population, is prevalent in certain cardiovascular conditions including systolic and diastolic left ventricular dysfunction, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, carotid artery stenosis, stroke and use of certain cardiac-related medications. Polysomnographic findings of CSA with adverse cardiovascular impacts include nocturnal hypoxemia and arousals, which can lead to increased sympathetic activity both at night and in the daytime. Among cardiovascular diseases, CSA is most prevalent in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction; a large study of more than 900 treated patients has shown a dose dependent relationship between nocturnal desaturation and mortality.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFState-of-the-art narrative review: Mounier-Kuhn syndrome and tracheobronchomegaly.
Respir Med
December 2024
New York City Health & Hospitals, Woodhull, Brooklyn, NY, 11206, USA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, New York City Health and Hospitals, Woodhull, 760 Broadway, 8th Floor, Brooklyn, NY, 11206, USA. Electronic address:
Mounier-Kuhn syndrome (MKS) or tracheobronchomegaly is an uncommon disease of the central airways. It is characterized by pathological dilatation of the trachea and main bronchi and inevitably leads to recurrent respiratory infections, bronchiectasis, hospitalizations, and results in considerable morbidity and mortality. Despite numerous case reports, there is a shortage of evidence on clinical outcomes and limited data on interventions, thus presenting a significant gap in the literature.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSubject-Specific Multi-Scale Modeling of the Fate of Inhaled Aerosols.
J Aerosol Sci
January 2025
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
Determining the fate of inhaled aerosols in the respiratory system is essential in assessing the potential toxicity of inhaled airborne materials, responses to airborne pathogens, or in improving inhaled drug delivery. The availability of high-resolution clinical lung imaging and advances in the reconstruction of lung airways from CT images have led to the development of subject-specific in-silico 3D models of aerosol dosimetry, often referred to as computational fluid-particle-dynamics (CFPD) models. As CFPD models require extensive computing resources, they are typically confined to the upper and large airways.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe next 5 years at the Interface of Exercise and the Airway.
Immunol Allergy Clin North Am
February 2025
Department of Respiratory Physiology, Deputy Directorate of Ancillary Diagnostic Services, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío villegas (INER), Instituto de Desarrollo e Innovación en Fisiología Respiratoria (INFIRE), Tlalpan 4502, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, CP 14080, México.
Exercise is strongly recommended in almost all populations for its beneficial effects on physical and mental health. This edition of Clinics features state-of-the-art reviews of the most commonly encountered respiratory causes of shortness of breath during exercise in active individuals, including nasal obstructions, exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction, excessive dynamic airways collapse, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction with and without asthma, and breathing-pattern disorder. The goals of this edition include summarizing knowledge of these conditions, creating a new wave of experts in the field, and inspiring readers to contribute to the field from around the globe.
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