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Genome-wide expression of the residual lung reacting to experimental Pneumonectomy.

BMC Genomics

December 2021

Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Rome Sapienza, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.

Background: Acute or chronic irreversible respiratory failure may occur in patients undergoing pneumonectomy. Aim of this study was to determine transcriptome expression changes after experimental pneumonectomy in swine model. Experimental left pneumonectomy was performed in five pigs under general anaesthesia.

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Morbidity and mortality for neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia-associated pulmonary hypoplasia remains high. These patients may be deficient in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Our lab previously established that exogenous VEGF164 accelerates compensatory lung growth (CLG) after left pneumonectomy in a murine model.

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Cell-free secretory products (secretome) of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been shown to attenuate tissue injury and facilitate repair and recovery. To examine whether iPSC secretome facilitates mechanically induced compensatory responses following unilateral pneumonectomy (PNX), litter-matched young adult female hounds underwent right PNX (removing 55%-58% of lung units), followed by inhalational delivery of either the nebulized-conditioned media containing induced pluripotent stem cell secretome (iPSC CM) or control cell-free media (CFM); inhalation was repeated every 5 days for 10 treatments. Lung function was measured under anesthesia pre-PNX and 10 days after the last treatment (8 wk post-PNX); detailed quantitative analysis of lung ultrastructure was performed postmortem.

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Paracrine erythropoietin (EPO) signaling in the lung recruits endothelial progenitor cells, promotes cell maturation and angiogenesis, and is upregulated during canine postpneumonectomy (PNX) compensatory lung growth. To determine whether inhalational delivery of exogenous EPO augments endogenous post-PNX lung growth, adult canines underwent right PNX and received, via a permanent tracheal stoma, weekly nebulization of recombinant human EPO-containing nanoparticles or empty nanoparticles (control) for 16 wk. Lung function was assessed under anesthesia pre- and post-PNX.

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