Association of Selected Adipocytokines and Inflammatory Markers on Body Mass Index in Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Saudi Arabia and as Risk Factors to Cardiovascular Disease.

Introduction: In this prospective study, we establishing the association of obesity in type 2 diabetes patients with various inflammatory markers and adipocytokines, as risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Materials And Methods: In this work, a total of 85 individuals gave concern and were divided into 4 groups based on their body mass indices (BMI). Anthropometrics details were obtained from each individual and different laboratory tests were performed to measure levels of adipocytokines such as adiponectin, leptin and resistin and inflammatory markers such as TNF-α, IL-6 and hsCRP. All the 82 patients with T2D were studied in four groups, A includes obese with BMI >30 kg/m2, B includes overweight with BMI ranging 25 to 30 kg/m2), C includes non-obese with BMI < 25 kg/m2. Group D was control, included non-obese (BMI < 25 kg/m2) and non-diabetic individuals. Result & Discussion: There was an increase in plasma insulin levels in T2D patients, especially with exhibiting high BMI and diabetic conditions in Group A. Adiponectin was higher in the control group which is significant with the value of p<0.05 compared to other three groups. There was negative correlation observed found to be significant, between obesity and adiponectin. Positive correlation was seen among leptin, resistin and inflammatory markers among T2D and control individuals which were significant. T2D groups had an increase in plasma insulin and adiponectin, but decreased leptin, resistin and inflammatory markers compared to control. Overall, T2D patients showed a significant correlation between plasma insulin, adipocytokines and other inflammatory markers clearly designate the impact of metabolic conditions such as obesity on these factors and vice versa. Increased levels of the parameters restrained in the study correlate T2D and obesity to cardiovascular diseases.