Exposure of agricultural crops to nanoparticle CeO in biochar-amended soil.

Plant Physiol Biochem

Department of Analytical Chemistry, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States. Electronic address:

Published: January 2017

AI Article Synopsis

  • Biochar is being increasingly used in agricultural soils, but its interactions with engineered nanoparticles (ENP) like CeO are still under-researched.
  • Various plants (corn, lettuce, soybean, zucchini) were tested in two soil types (agricultural and residential) with different biochar temperatures and ENP levels to understand these interactions.
  • Results showed that biochar type and soil impacted both the growth of plants and the accumulation of Ce, indicating that biochar synthesis conditions influence how these materials interact and affect plant health.

Article Abstract

Biochar is seeing increased usage as an amendment in agricultural soils but the significance of nanoscale interactions between this additive and engineered nanoparticles (ENP) remains unknown. Corn, lettuce, soybean and zucchini were grown for 28 d in two different soils (agricultural, residential) amended with 0-2000 mg engineered nanoparticle (ENP) CeO kg and biochar (350 °C or 600 °C) at application rates of 0-5% (w/w). At harvest, plants were analyzed for biomass, Ce content, chlorophyll and lipid peroxidation. Biomass from the four species grown in residential soil varied with species and biochar type. However, biomass in the agricultural soil amended with biochar 600 °C was largely unaffected. Biochar co-exposure had minimal impact on Ce accumulation, with reduced or increased Ce content occurring at the highest (5%) biochar level. Soil-specific and biochar-specific effects on Ce accumulation were observed in the four species. For example, zucchini grown in agricultural soil with 2000 mg CeO kg and 350 °C biochar (0.5-5%) accumulated greater Ce than the control. However, for the 600 °C biochar, the opposite effect was evident, with decreased Ce content as biochar increased. A principal component analysis showed that biochar type accounted for 56-99% of the variance in chlorophyll and lipid peroxidation across the plants. SEM and μ-XRF showed Ce association with specific biochar and soil components, while μ-XANES analysis confirmed that after 28 d in soil, the Ce remained largely as CeO. The current study demonstrates that biochar synthesis conditions significantly impact interactions with ENP, with subsequent effects on particle fate and effects.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.06.003DOI Listing

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