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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/epi.13383 | DOI Listing |
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)
December 2024
Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Research Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico.
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating, neuroinflammatory, progressive disease that severely affects human health of young adults. Neuroinflammation (NI) and demyelination, as well as their interactions, are key therapeutic targets to halt or slow disease progression. Potent steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as methylprednisolone (MP) and remyelinating neurosteroids such as allopregnanolone (ALLO) could be co-administered intranasally to enhance their efficacy by providing direct access to the central nervous system (CNS).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Inflamm Res
December 2024
Department of Neurology, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, People's Republic of China.
Objective: The aims of this study were to investigate clinical factors associated with encephalitis relapse and chronic epilepsy development, and to evaluate the effectiveness of immunotherapy on encephalitis relapse.
Methods: Patients with autoimmune encephalitis diagnosed as positive for neuronal surface antibodies in five general hospitals were included. A minimum 12-month follow-up period was conducted, and binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of encephalitis relapse and chronic epilepsy development.
Front Immunol
December 2024
Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Introduction: Very rarely, adult NMDAR antibody-associated encephalitis (NMDAR-E) leads to persistent cerebellar atrophy and ataxia. Transient cerebellar ataxia is common in pediatric NMDAR-E. Immune-mediated cerebellar ataxia may be associated with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), aquaporin-4 (AQP-4), kelch-like family member 11 (KLHL11), and glutamate kainate receptor subunit 2 (GluK2) antibodies, all of which may co-occur in NMDAR-E.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Cell Infect Microbiol
December 2024
Institut Pasteur de la Guadeloupe, Les Abymes, Guadeloupe, France.
The free-living amoeba (NF) causes a rare but lethal parasitic meningoencephalitis (PAM) in humans. Currently, this disease lacks effective treatments and the specific molecular mechanisms that govern NF pathogenesis and host brain response remain unknown. To address some of these issues, we sought to explore naturally existing virulence diversity within environmental NF isolates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
November 2024
Hematology and Oncology, Einstein Medical Center Montgomery, East Norriton, USA.
This case report presents the first known instance of pembrolizumab-induced autoimmune encephalitis in a 41-year-old female patient with stage IIIc triple-negative breast cancer. The patient developed expressive aphasia three days after starting pembrolizumab in combination with chemotherapy, prompting comprehensive evaluations that ruled out infectious or metastatic causes. A diagnosis of pembrolizumab-associated autoimmune encephalitis was established following a lumbar puncture and MRI.
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